Use of plant extracts from healthy soybean and potato plants for treatments of plants of the same species

The present study proposes to evaluate extracts from shoots of healthy soybean and potato plants for the treatment of plants of the same species cultivated subsequently. Two experiments were thus conducted separately after the soybean and potato inoculum production phases. For soybean, the experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with five treatments and four replications, in which the following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum or pesticides; 2. farmer management with pesticides, without inoculum; 3. use of inoculum, without insecticides; 4. use of inoculum, without fungicides; and 5. use of inoculum, without pesticides. In the soybean crop, the tested inoculum improved plant development and, increased the potassium content of the plant tissue as well as yield. For the potato crop, a randomized-block statistical design was adopted with two treatments and ten replications, using varieties Ágata and Atlantic. The following treatments were tested: 1. absolute control without inoculum, with pesticides; and 2. use of inoculum (foliar spraying), with pesticides. With the use of inoculum, varieties Ágata and Atlantic showed distinct responses regarding disease incidence and yield. Late blight was the disease that most affected both varieties, but only Atlantic showed a reduction in its incidence when the inoculum was applied. Variety Atlantic also exhibited an increase in the most valued commercial calibers, besides an increase in yield, with the use of the tested inoculum. Cultivar Ágata showed a marked reduction in tuber defects with the use of the inoculum on the plants.

POTENTIAL OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR AGRICULTURE

In few years, agriculture drones emerge for monitoring, planting, spraying, and mapping to increase crop production and reduce labor. This review results show its significance and farmer's demand for agriculture. The UAV technologies enable farmer management based on measuring and observation based on real-time crop and livestock monitoring, significantly maximize their production. The farm drone consists of user-friendly software with interactive maps, and a global positioning system will improve production. It will support farmer for farming in efficient, effective, and economical ways.

Keberhasilan Usahatani Kopi (Coffea arabica) Melalui Dinamika Kelompok Dan Manajerial Petani

Coffee was one of the important plantation commodities in the national economy. This can be seen from the role of the coffee plantation sector in providing employment plants, providing the State's foreign exchange through exports. One of the goals of coffee farmers in managing their farming was to make a profit. In achieving this goal, farmers face several obstacles. By joining farmers in a farmer group forum can help explore the potential, solve the farming problems of its members, thus farmer groups have a strategic position in realizing quality farmers. The research was conducted in Sukasari Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency with the unit (subject) of analysis being 70 farmers who cultivated coffee in the harvest season from January to March 2020 Hypothesis testing. path. There was a positive relationship between the dynamics of farmer groups and farmer management. This was evidenced by the correlation value between the dynamics of farmer groups (X1) and managerial farmers (X2) which reached 84.1%. The better the group dynamics, the better the farmer's managerial, which consists of technical skills and business / skills aspects. The dynamics of farmer groups and farmer managerial influences positively on the success of coffee farming. the higher the value of farmer group dynamics (X1) and farmer managerial (X2), the effect on the increase in farming (Y).

The Description of Rubber Farmer Management in Sibiru Biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra and Its Response to the Introduction of Tapping Technology

Production of smallholder rubber in Indonesia is still very low, in the range of 600 - 900 kg of dry rubber/ha/year. Many factors influence it, such as non-clonal plants still being managed. Other factors such as agronomic aspects which include efforts to shorten the TBM period either through agronomic technology (canopy management, fertilization, or ground water management) are still ignored by smallholder rubber farmers, due to the limited access, capital, and even the perception that rubber plant production will not experience significant increase through tapping systems. The main and first approach that must be taken at this time on smallholder rubber is a new technology in tapping and management. This activity was carried out by four meetings and training in the garden of one of the trainees. Trainees consisted of rubber farmers in Sari Laba Jahe Hamlet, which also included rubber farmers from Peria Ria Hamlet - Sibiru Biru Sub-district (Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra). The package of tapping technology introduction consists of 3 main elements, namely: 1) tapping starts from the upper left to the lower right in each tapping field, 2) the application of 2.5% stimulant concentration is carried out in the tapping groove every 4 tapping times and 3) tapping in a month can be combined with tapping 1/S to the top using a pacekung tapping knife. Thus, in a month done 4 times of double cut tapping, namely 1/2S (in the lower tapping area using an ordinary tapping knife, downward: pull method) + 1 / 4S (upward using a pacekung tapping knife: shearing method). The results of this activity show that it can increase the production, thereby increasing the volume of sap sold. This activity also shows that the dominant farmers manage 1 hectare of land, and with the planting year and planting material that have the potential to be increased in production through tapping systems. The survey results show that general knowledge about rubber cultivation is dominantly obtained from this activity.

Farmers’ Awareness of the Low Yield of Conventional Rice Production in Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar: A Case Study of Myaungmya District

The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation introduced the Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) of rice in 2008. The adoption rate of GAPs is still low. As the first step of the adoption process, this study investigates farmers’ awareness of the low yield of conventional rice production. Based on the data of 315 farmers collected from a field survey conducted from July to August 2018 in Myaungmya District, Myanmar, and by applying the cluster analysis and binary logit model, the study found that farmers’ awareness was low for the aspects of farmer management and Ministry management. The finding of most interest is that farmers with more experience, higher income level, larger farmland size, and receiving agricultural information were associated with low awareness. Farmers with more farming experience were satisfied with the return of rice from conventional production. Some farmers received a higher total income from crop production because of a larger farmland size, and they are less aware of the low yield of conventional rice production. Even though farmers received agricultural information, they could not apply the information to rice production. Farmers’ awareness of the low yield can be increased through developing extension services programs to distribute useful information on rice production effectively.