Decay Nature of Radionuclide Released From Triga Mark-II Reactor

Considering a hypothetical accident, the deposition of radio krypton (85Kr) has been studied that is released from TRIGA MARK-II reactor by its decay behavior. The measurement of radiological ground concentration leads to the study of the emission process of 85Kr nucleus, and the site-specific data related to this measurement have been analyzed later on. In this work, the radioactivity in the reactor core and release rate as well as Gaussian diffusion factor have also been considered. It is observed from the data analysis that the maximum concentration of 85Kr in ground is 1.115E+3 Bq/m2 in South (S) direction. Here, the nuclear binary fission has been presented with the greater probability of production of magic nuclei where the reactions found to be endoergic where a nuclear reaction occurs with the absorption of energy. Doubly magic nuclei like 4He, 16O, 40Ca, and 48Ca have also been identified as fission fragments that follow the nuclear shell closure. The results of this work will be an important guide in the study of radionuclide splitting into several nuclei as well as for accidental scinerio. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 7, Dec 2020 P 57-61

Influence of the Fundamental Attribution Error on Perceptions of Blame and Negligence

Automobile accidents are a frequent occurrence in the United States and commonly result in legal ramifications. Through a fundamental attribution error (FAE) framework ( Ross, 1977 ), the current research examined how individuals perceive blame and negligence in these cases. In Study 1 ( N = 360), we manipulated the driver (you vs. stranger) of a hypothetical accident scenario and the situational circumstances surrounding the accident (favorable vs. unfavorable). Supporting the FAE, individuals' situational blame attributions only varied as a function of situational circumstances when they themselves were hypothetically driving. However, neither the driver nor the situation significantly predicted dispositional blame attributions. Yet, Study 1 provided initial support for the importance of an individual's trait tendency to neglect situational constraints when making dispositional blame attributions. In Study 2 ( N = 212), we again manipulated situational circumstances surrounding the hypothetical accident, but within the context of a mock civil trial. Results provided additional support for the importance of this trait tendency and expanded our findings of dispositional blame attributions to perceptions of negligence. Implications include the importance of considering trait individual differences in the likelihood to ignore situational demands when individuals are making legally relevant judgments about automobile accidents.

Numerical Study of the Air Ingress Accident of the HTR-PM and Possible Mitigation Measures

The double-ended guillotine break (DEGB) of the horizontal coaxial gas duct of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is an extremely hypothetical accident, which could cause the air to enter into the primary circuit and react with graphite in the reactor core. The performance of the HTR-PM plant under this extremely hypothetical accident has been studied by the system code TINTE in this work. The results show that the maximum fuel temperature will not reach the temperature design limitation, and the graphite oxidation will not cause unacceptable consequences even under some conservative assumptions. Moreover, nitrogen and helium injected from the fuel charging tube were studied as the possible mitigation measures to further alleviate the consequences of this air ingress accident. The preliminary results show that only the flow rate of nitrogen injected reaches a certain value, which can effectively alleviate the consequences, while for helium injection, both high and small flow rate can prevent or cut off the natural circulation and alleviate the consequences. The reason is that helium is much lighter than nitrogen, and the density difference between the coolant channel and the reactor core is small when helium is injected. Considering the injection velocity, the total usage amount, and the start time of gas injection, helium injected with a small flow rate is suggested.

Application and Development Progress of Cr-Based Surface Coating in Nuclear Fuel Elements: II. Current Status and Shortcomings of Performance Studies

In continuation from the earlier Part I, this paper presents the status on the investigations of Cr-coated zirconium alloys under both normal operating and hypothetical accident conditions. This paper is aimed to provide sufficient knowledge to understand the service performance and research focus of accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) coatings.