Improved cosine and cotangent function-based similarity measures for q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method

Despite the importance of cosine and cotangent function- based similarity measures, the literature has not provided a satisfactory formulation for the case of q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (qROFS). This paper criticizes the existing attempts in terms of respect of the basic axioms of a similarity measure and strict inclusion relation. In addition, the maximum operator-based similarity measures are criticized. Then, new improved, axiomatically supported cosine and cotangent function-based similarity measures for qROFSs are proposed. Additional properties of the new similarity measures are discussed to guarantee their good performance. Two algorithmic procedures of TOPSIS method that based on fixed and relative ideal solutions are discussed. The numerical examples are provided to support the findings

The ideal duplication

In this paper we present and study the ideal duplication, a new construction within the class of the relative ideals of a numerical semigroup S, that, under specific assumptions, produces a relative ideal of the numerical duplication $$S\bowtie ^b E$$ S ⋈ b E . We prove that every relative ideal of the numerical duplication can be uniquely written as the ideal duplication of two relative ideals of S; this allows us to better understand how the basic operations of the class of the relative ideals of $$S\bowtie ^b E$$ S ⋈ b E work. In particular, we characterize the ideals E such that $$S\bowtie ^b E$$ S ⋈ b E is nearly Gorenstein.

When kids are the last to know: embodied tensions in surprising children with family vacations

Purpose Surprise family vacations have become increasingly prevalent in today’s digitally mediated consumer culture. Drawing on a performance-based view of tourism, this paper aims to explore the performance practices and embodied experiences by which young consumers are the recipients of last-minute surprise vacations. Design/methodology/approach YouTube offers a space for examining surprise family vacations, as captured in real time by consumers. The visual elements and verbal discourses of 139 surprise family vacation reveal videos were analyzed using a hermeneutical approach. Findings Findings suggest that surprise family vacations are characterized by three performance practices in which embodied tensions arise between normative expectations and unanticipated experiences: executing the reveal (scripted act versus improvised act), announcing the destination (absolute ideal versus relative ideal) and reacting to the surprise (initial acceptance versus initial rejection). Research limitations/implications By exploring a phenomenon in which children’s anticipation for a vacation is largely absent or limited, surprise family vacations reveal culturally idealized norms and performative practices in family tourism. Positioning a family vacation as an offering or surprise for the children is distinct from previous research, which suggests family vacations are co-created. Children of all ages experience tourism-related stresses and anxieties. Practical implications The primary practical contribution for marketers lies in revealing how the material and performative practices of a family vacation begins even before a family enters its tourist destination. Service providers and retailers may provide offerings for families to support surprise family vacations, particularly in an increasingly digital culture. This study also reveals opportunities for parents to strategically discuss surprise vacations with their kids. Originality/value This study captures the liminal moment in which a child’s tourism journey begins. By using YouTube as a resource for digital ethnography, researchers can better understand how families discuss, negotiate and mediate tourism-oriented concepts, through their lived experiences.

KEBENARAN ILMIAH DALAM PEMIKIRAN THOMAS S. KUHN DAN KARL R. POPPER: SUATU KAJIAN HERMENEUTIKA DAN KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI MASA DEPAN ILMU

The scientific truth can be identified on the Kuhn's normal science as a period of scientific progress, and on the Popper's verisimilitude (the truthlikeness). The Kuhn's thought is a phenomenological hermeneutics due to his understanding of the scientific truth according to the phenomenon of scientific progress, and otherwise, the Popper's is an ontological hermeneutics which acknowledges the absolute truth beyond the scientific explanation. The essential similarity of Kuhn and Popper's hermeneutics is justifying the scientific truth as a relative ideal one (never be the absolute one), and the fundamental difference of both of them caused by Kuhn's hermeneutics based on a descriptive approach and Popper's by the normative one. The Kuhn and Popper's hermeneutics can be contributed to be a philosophical foundation of science, namely: the scientific investigation area (ontological foundation), the dialectic of scientific progress (epistemological foundation), and toward the absolute-transcendental truth (axiological foundation). The hermeneutics can also be contributed to reintegrate science and philosophy, as a correlation and interconnection entity of empirical and metaphysical dimension, and can spontaneously be an understanding frame of the demarcation of science (a system of empirical knowledge) and philosophy (a system of metaphysical one). The hermeneutics can be contributed to implement the integration of Natural Sciences and Humanities (and Social Sciences) in Indonesia, as an IPTEK development strategy which is relevant to the ethical values of the Pancasila's.