scholarly journals KEBENARAN ILMIAH DALAM PEMIKIRAN THOMAS S. KUHN DAN KARL R. POPPER: SUATU KAJIAN HERMENEUTIKA DAN KONTRIBUSINYA BAGI MASA DEPAN ILMU

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Fuad Fuad ◽  
Koento Wibisono S. ◽  
P. Hardono Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Investigation Area ◽  
Relative Ideal ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Scientific Truth

The scientific truth can be identified on the Kuhn's normal science as a period of scientific progress, and on the Popper's verisimilitude (the truthlikeness). The Kuhn's thought is a phenomenological hermeneutics due to his understanding of the scientific truth according to the phenomenon of scientific progress, and otherwise, the Popper's is an ontological hermeneutics which acknowledges the absolute truth beyond the scientific explanation. The essential similarity of Kuhn and Popper's hermeneutics is justifying the scientific truth as a relative ideal one (never be the absolute one), and the fundamental difference of both of them caused by Kuhn's hermeneutics based on a descriptive approach and Popper's by the normative one. The Kuhn and Popper's hermeneutics can be contributed to be a philosophical foundation of science, namely: the scientific investigation area (ontological foundation), the dialectic of scientific progress (epistemological foundation), and toward the absolute-transcendental truth (axiological foundation). The hermeneutics can also be contributed to reintegrate science and philosophy, as a correlation and interconnection entity of empirical and metaphysical dimension, and can spontaneously be an understanding frame of the demarcation of science (a system of empirical knowledge) and philosophy (a system of metaphysical one). The hermeneutics can be contributed to implement the integration of Natural Sciences and Humanities (and Social Sciences) in Indonesia, as an IPTEK development strategy which is relevant to the ethical values of the Pancasila's.

Maimon, Salomon (1753/4–1800)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Franks
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Divine Mind ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Finite Minds

Educated as a rabbi in Lithuania, Shlomo (Salomon) ben Yehoshua migrated to Germany and adopted the surname Maimon in honour of Maimonides. His criticism of Kant’s dualism and his monistic account of the human mind as an imperfect expression of God’s infinite mind influenced Fichte, Schelling and Hegel. Kant regarded him as the critic who understood him best. Maimon’s system combines rational dogmatism with empirical scepticism. As a rational dogmatist, he argues that cognition requires the absolute unity of subject and object. Maimon therefore criticizes Kant’s dualistic divisions between the mental form and extra-mental matter of knowledge, and between the faculties of sensibility and understanding. Experience in Kant’s sense – empirical knowledge – is possible only if these dualisms are merely apparent. Our finite minds must be imperfect expressions of an infinite, divine mind that produces the form and matter of knowledge. Through scientific progress, our minds become more adequate expressions of the infinite mind. Kant has not refuted Hume’s scepticism, which could be refuted only if science became perfect. Perfect science is an ideal for which we must strive but which we will never reach. Maimon is deeply indebted to Maimonides, but he reformulates Maimonidean ideas in light of modern mathematical physics and deploys them within a Kantian investigation of the possibility of experience. The result is a unique encounter between medieval and modern philosophy that decisively influenced German idealism and remains philosophically interesting.

scholarly journals Prophetic Ethics: The Basic Value of Public Service Ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Bobby Briando ◽  
Muhamad Ali Embi
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Dialectics of public service in providing services to the community is always involved in social interactions that do not stop. Very complex interactions involving not only theories related to public service, but also heterogeneous and dynamic human individuals who are involved either directly or indirectly. This research aims to build the concept of prophetic ethics as the basis of the ethical values of public service. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach in building the concept of prophetic ethics. The main bases of the theory are adopted from the spirit and the prophetic principle of profetic which is classified respectively into the four elements of the establishment, namely humanity, scholarly, pregnancy as well as humanist, emancypatorist, transcendental and Teleological. This ethical concept has an orientation on the highest human spiritual peaks, namely the divine and prophetic consciousness. With such awareness of public service not only give service to society in general, but also as a form of devotion of a servant to the creator. Prophetic ethic recognizes the existence of empirical knowledge and not empirical. From the science was then made a practical formulation in the form of “prophetic law”, which was finally called by the name “prophetic ethics”. Prophetic ethics is an endeavor that the writer undertakes in internalizing a principle and spirit that holds fast to a holistic awareness that is divine and prophetic awareness. Thus the concept of public service is not only to dethrone obligations in providing service but also as a form of devotion of a servant to its creator.

Strategi Pengembangan Desa Pelaga Sebagai Destinasi Agrowisata di Kabupaten Badung

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Komang Ema Marsitadewi
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Beach Tourism ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
To Come ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Using Data

Badung Regency is more dominated by beach tourism. More than ten famous beaches in Bali are in Badung Regency. These beaches are only located in a few districts in Badung Regency. Inequality between sub-districts also occurs between areas that have tourism potential such as beaches and areas that have other tourism potential such as waterfalls or other tourism. This will create new problems for Badung Regency in the future. In fact, sub-districts that do not have coastal tourism potential have challenges as well as opportunities to develop. One of them is Petang District, Pelaga Village. This village does not have beach tourism but has other natural potentials that can be used as an attraction for tourists to come and visit Pelaga Village. These potential differences must be implemented which can then be used as opportunities for Pelaga Village. The purpose of this research is to produce a strategy to develop Pelaga Village as a tourism destination. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data obtained from primary data and secondary data. The data is then processed using data triangulation techniques to reduce the researcher's subjectivity and is also analyzed using SWOT analysis to produce a development strategy. In this study, it was found that Pelaga Village has a lot of potential for agro-tourism and can be developed such as asparagus and some hydroponic plants. . Not only that, the community's high interest in developing agro-tourism also supports the development of Pelaga Village. After assessing the potential that is owned by the opportunity, the threat from Pelaga Village came up with several development strategies for Pelaga Village, namely to further activate the community, especially farmer groups in developing their agro products. increasing the existence of the Agricultural Culture Festival in Pelaga Village, refining the missing destination components such as the availability of restaurants and inns, creating an organization that can bring together various farmer groups in Pelaga Village, in relation to the community in developing and managing the potentials of Pelaga Village.  

Faith and Science in Russian Literature

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Teresa Obolevitch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Faith And Reason ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Lev Tolstoy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spiritual Unity

Chapter 6 shows the presence of the topic of the relationship between faith and science in the thought of the most influential literature figures, such as Fedor Dostoevsky and Lev Tolstoy. Although Dostoevsky stressed the role of faith, his account by no means was a mere fideism. Dostoevsky respected natural science, even if he definitively marked the limits of the scientific explanation. Hence, he strove for an integral attitude embracing faith and reason in a single spiritual unity. By contrast, Lev Tolstoy was concerned about the absolute comprehensibility and rational obviousness of Christian truths, yet denied the significance of natural science.

Color, consciousness, and the isomorphism constraint

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
Color Categories ◽  
Color Similarity ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Methods ◽  
Color Composition

The relations among consciousness, brain, behavior, and scientific explanation are explored in the domain of color perception. Current scientific knowledge about color similarity, color composition, dimensional structure, unique colors, and color categories is used to assess Locke's “inverted spectrum argument” about the undetectability of color transformations. A symmetry analysis of color space shows that the literal interpretation of this argument – reversing the experience of a rainbow – would not work. Three other color-to-color transformations might work, however, depending on the relevance of certain color categories. The approach is then generalized to examine behavioral detection of arbitrary differences in color experiences, leading to the formulation of a principled distinction, called the “isomorphism constraint,” between what can and cannot be determined about the nature of color experience by objective behavioral means. Finally, the prospects for achieving a biologically based explanation of color experience below the level of isomorphism are considered in light of the limitations of behavioral methods. Within-subject designs using biological interventions hold the greatest promise for scientific progress on consciousness, but objective knowledge of another person's experience appears impossible. The implications of these arguments for functionalism are discussed.

Manufacturing Industries Transfer Trend in China 1999 - 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 2284-2287
Author(s):  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Wei Dou ◽  
Ya Qiong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Industrial Transfer ◽  
Industrial Competitiveness ◽  
Western Development ◽  
The Absolute

Construction of the regional industrial competitiveness coefficient model to measure and evaluate the dynamic trend of industrial transfer between the manufacturing industries of the eastern, central and western regions since its formal implementation of the western development strategy in 1999, China, the results show that from 2000 to 2010 the absolute superiority of the eastern part of the manufacturing sector is still obvious, even to expand, and the East Midwest gap has not narrowed, as well as the expansion of large-scale industrial transfer and did not happen.

Where is Philosophy Going?

Philosophy ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 12 (48) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
J. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Similar Question ◽  
New School ◽  
Recent Conference ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Absolute

Some years ago Max Planck published a small book with the titleWhere is Science Going?in vigorous protest against the idea that the doctrine of relativity in general and the new quanta physics in particular mean that “the quest of the absolute becomes eliminated from scientific progress.” That it seems to be time to raise a similar question with regard to philosophy was suggested to me at a recent conference held at Farnham Castle on the relation between science and philosophy, at which the new school of logical positivism was strongly represented by some of the ablest of the younger men.

scholarly journals Strategi PT. Noor Abika Tour dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Prima

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
Ainurrohmah Ainurrohmah ◽  
Sitty Sumijati ◽  
Moch. Fakhruroji
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Planning Service ◽  
Product Development Strategy ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Research Show

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan pelayanan,  penerapan pelayanan, dan evaluasi pelayanan  PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yang mengambil lokasi PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel dengan menggunakan pendekatan diskriptif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan proses Perencanaan Pelayanan PT. Noor Abika Tour menggunakan strategi manajemen yang meliputi: Pertama, strategi pengembangan produk. Kedua, strategi penerapan harga. Ketiga, strategi pengembangan pasar. Sedangkan penerapan Pelayanan PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel adalah memberikan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh para jamaah haji selama mereka menjalankan ibadah haji baik ketika masih di tanah air maupun di tanah suci. Evaluasi Pelayanan PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel  dalam pelayanan haji menghasilkan pelayanan yang di kategorikan memuaskan jamaah baik di tanah air maupun di tanah suci hingga pulang ke tanah air. This paper aims to find out the service planning, service implementation, and evaluation services performed by PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel. This research includes qualitative research that takes the location of PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel using a descriptive approach. The data collection method used is the method of observation, interview, and documentation. The results of the research show the process of Service Planning PT. Noor Abika Tour uses a management strategy that includes: First, product development strategy. Second, pricing strategy. Third, market development strategy. While the application of PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel is giving what is needed by the pilgrims during their pilgrimage when they are still in the country or in the holy land. The evaluation of PT. Noor Abika Tour Travel  in service of Hajj resulted in a satisfactory for congregation wants in both the homeland and the holy land to return home.

scholarly journals Forms of explanation and understanding for neuroscience and artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Integrated Science ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Much of the controversy evoked by the use of deep neural networks as models of biological neural systems amount to debates over what constitutes scientific progress in neuroscience. In order to discuss what constitutes scientific progress, one must have a goal in mind (progress towards what?). One such long term goal is to produce scientific explanations of intelligent capacities (e.g., object recognition, relational reasoning). I argue that the most pressing philosophical questions at the intersection of neuroscience and artificial intelligence are ultimately concerned with defining the phenomena to be explained and with what constitute valid explanations of such phenomena. I propose that a foundation in the philosophy of scientific explanation and understanding can scaffold future discussions about how an integrated science of intelligence might progress. Towards this vision, I review relevant theories of scientific explanation and discuss strategies for unifying the scientific goals of neuroscience and AI.

scholarly journals Meaning and its Effect on the Grammatical Guidance of (Gareebul Hadith): Al-zamakhshari's book Alfa'iq as a case study: المعنى وأثره في التوجيه النحوي لغريب الحديث: الفائق للزمخشري (ت538ه) أنموذجًا

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef Ahmed Osman Khaimar
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grammatical Functions

  This research is based on the explanation of the meaning and its types and the need to understand it, and the concept of the parsing (Al-i’raab) and its importance, and the relationship between meaning and parsing (Al-i’raab), it also aims to demonstrate the grammatical guidance of (Gareebul Hadith), and its effect according to Zamakhshari, and reveal the manifestations of this effect, and expounding the basis of weighting according to him in case of multifaceted aspects of parsing (Al-i’raab). It also aims to reveal the role of meaning in his grammatical thought. To achieve these objectives, the research relied on analytical descriptive approach, and the required discussion, analysis and comment, in order to reach the scientific truth impartially and objectively. The nature of the subject necessitated that it be composed of two topics interceding an introduction and a conclusion. The first topic defined the meaning and parsing (Al-i’raab), and explained the relationship between them, through three sections addressing the concept of the meaning and the need to understand it, the concept of the parsing (Al-i’raab) and its importance, the relationship between the meaning and the parsing (Al-i’raab). The second topic showed the manifestations of the effect of the meaning in the grammatical guidance of (Gareebul Hadith) according to Zamakhshari, and it came in two sections; one dealt with what was attributed to the meaning in which the main touchstone in the grammatical guidance, and the latter studied what is likely with multifaceted aspects of parsing (Al-i’raab). One of the most important results of the research is that Zamakhshari not only in his grammatical guidance of (Gareebul Hadith) mentioned grammatical functions, but went beyond that to the semantic meaning, and the role of context in highlighting that meaning. The research also shows the effect of meaning according to Zamakhshari in mentioning the grammatical aspects allowable, and the differentiation between them is according to the power of meaning in each aspect. Among the recommendations of the researcher: The need to link between the Grammar and meaning, or between grammatical and semantic phenomena.    

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