Dermal Melanocytic Disorders

Dermal melanocytic disorders present as bluish pigmentation on the skin. Several entities including Mongolian spot, aberrant Mongolian spot, nevus of Ota, and nevus of Ito have been reported. It is often difficult to distinguish between the different entities from their overlapping features. Although they share similar etiologies and histologic findings, their co-morbidities and prognosis differ. In this paper, we report four cases of dermal melanocytic disorders of which we were not able to make a clear-cut diagnosis. Also, we briefly review the dermal melanocytic disorders.

A clinical study of dermatotses in neonates in Silchar medical college

According to WHO a neonate, is a child under 28 days of age. The neonatal skin changes show a wide geographic and ethnic variation. It is important to know the pattern of dermatoses prevalent among Indian children during the neonatal period. The current study was conducted to study the prevalence of neonatal dermatoses in southern Assam and to study relationship of neonatal dermatoses with maturity and birth weight of neonates.150 neonates who developed cutaneous lesions over a period of one year were examined. Proportion of each dermatoses and prevalence ratio were calculated using relevant formulae. Out of the 150 neonates, 66 % neonates had transient physiological changes, 11.33% had congenital disorders and genodermatoses, 4.67% had iatrogenic complications, 30% had acquired skin diseases, 8% had neonatal infections and 2% had other miscellaneous diseases. The five most common dermatoses overall were diaper dermatitis (17.33%), miliaria (14%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (13.33%), infantile seborrheic dermatitis (12.67%), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (6%) and Mongolian spot (6%). Low birth weight babies had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, candidiasis, miniature puberty, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, physiological jaundice, infantile acropustulosis, salmon patch, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules, miliaria, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, neonatal acne, Mongolian spot, bullous impetigo, erythroderma Preterm neonates had predilection for vernix caseosa, sucking blisters, miniature puberty, candidiasis, Mongolian spot, caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, erythroderma, miliaria, Epstein’s pearls/ Bohn's nodules and a positive association was seen between post-term neonates and physiological desquamation, diaper dermatitis. Neonatal psoriasis and neonatal dermatophyte infection were the unusual findings which we found in our study.

A clinical study of cutaneous manifestations in neonates at a tertiary health care center

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cutaneous alterations are commonly seen in neonates as a normal process of adaptation to the external air environment after birth. It is good to know about transient skin lesions in infants to distinguish them from other conditions that prevent unwanted neonate therapy. Parents should be confident of the excellent prognosis of these manifestations of the skin. The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of cutaneous manifestations occurring among the newborn.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted in the newborn with at-least one cutaneous manifestation. A detailed history of the neonates and mother was collected using pre-designed proforma.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of 100 neonates, 52 were males, 48 were females, of these, 85 were born at term, 10 were preterm, and 5 were post-term. Mongolian spot was seen in lumbosacral, buttocks and extremities in 80 (80%) neonates, vernix caseosa in 20 (20%) neonates. Milia in 14 (14%) neonates, eczematous eruption in 30 (12.5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This neonatal skin research has provided details on normal variants occurs during the neonatal phase. It is necessary to know that most newborn skin lesions are temporary and do not require any treatment.</p>

Cutaneous Nevi in Down Syndrome Patients: Prospective study

Background: Down Syndrome (DS) has been described in association with various dermatoses,however, there is scanty information in the literature regarding the frequency of cutaneous nevi among Down syndrome patients. The objective of the study: To define the frequency of different cutaneousnevi in DS patients, andto precise their different phenotypes. Patients and methods: we prospectively examined 180 Down syndrome patients. All patients underwent full body skin examination noting the type, number, size, and distribution of different nevi. Results: Different types of nevi were noted among Down syndrome patients; café au lait macules, melanocytic nevocellular nevi, and Mongolian spot were the most frequent ones. Juvenile elastoma, Becker’s nevus, nevus spilus, labial melanocytic macule, and capillary vascular malformation were also seen. Conclusion: Various types of cutaneous nevi not previously described in Down syndrome, was observed in our patients such as Becker’s nevus, nevus spilus and Juvenile elastoma.

STUDY OF SKIN CONDITION IN NEWBORN

Introduction: Many of the skin lesions observed in a newborn are regarded as physiological, but no sharp line divides the normal from the abnormal. But incidence and prevalence of those conditions is not well known . Aim: To Study incidence skin conditions or lesion in newborns and analyse the effect of maternal factors, events during pregnancy, consanguinity, mode of delivery, maturity & birth weight of newborns. Material and methods: A total no of 1000 neonates were examined from post-natal ward of Tertiary care hospital after taking consent from Parents Conclusion: The commonest manifestation observed was the Mongolian spot, followed by Epstein pearl, sebaceous hyperplasia, milia, erythema toxicum neonatorum, sucking callus, physiological desquamation, miliaria, cutis marmorata.