Experimental and numerical analysis of the wear mechanism in spring coil forming die and the effects of die geometry on wear

The present work aimed at understanding the wear mechanism of spring coil forming die and the effects of die geometry on wear. The wear morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The main wear mechanism was found to be adhesive wear, and a variant of the Archard wear model was established. The wear distribution in spring coil forming die was numerically analyzed in DEFORM software, and the effects of die geometry parameters on wear were discussed. Numerical results revealed that the wear distribution in the die was uneven and the wear mainly occurred at the sides of the die cavity. The wear depth was greatly affected by the width and angle of the die cavity, whereas the length of the die cavity had little effect. A small cavity width or angle led to severe wear, while a large cavity width reduced the forming quality of the spring coil. Moreover, a simple and effective life prediction method was proposed based on wear results. The findings of this research will be helpful for the effective design of spring coil forming die and the prediction of wear.

An Orthodontic Spring Coil and Soft Tissue Complication

This case report describes a scenario where a 14-year-old patient during orthodontic treatment at Solihull Hospital, West Midlands, presented with a rare soft tissue orthodontic complication. On routine examination, the spring coil from the orthodontic appliance was found to be located in the parotid gland duct. This was extracted by the oral and maxillofacial team at Solihull Hospital. The patient was followed post-operatively for any signs of sialadenitis, sialolithiasis and strictures. After 3 years of follow up, no post-operative complications were noted. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Soft tissue and orthodontic complications are common, usually due to trauma from sharp components. Clinicians should be aware of complications that can also occur.

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Multidimensional Spring Rolling Machine

In the spring industry both power and hand-operated machines are used.As the making of spring in a regular manner takes a lot of time and energy.to make several springs with less time and less energy, there is a need for an alternative spring making mechanism. Traditionally making of spring requires some operations on lathe machine like fixing and loosing checks, removing springs from the shafts. the solution to this problem is the design and fabrication of a multidimensional spring rolling machine. our project is simple by having a motor with pully to drive the shafts. The gap between the spring coil can be regulated by a proper arrangement that can guide the wire automatically. Design and fabrication of spring rolling machines include electric sewing motor, pulley, shaft, and belt.to overcome the limitations that are in the traditional lathe machine spring making process. This project gives suitable ways to produce springs of wire diameter up to 6mm, inner diameter up to 20mm.the proposed springs are capable of bearing maximum loads of 100N for three different materials like copper aluminum, steel.

PATAHNYA PEGAS ULIR KERETA API AKIBAT KELEBIHAN BEBAN = THE BREAKING OF TRAIN SPRING COIL CAUSED BY OVERWEIGHT

An investigation of a failure coil spring must be applied to the fracture as well the material, to find out the problem. Therefore some recommended action could be given to avoid a repitition of such damage. Some methodes of inspection should be performed such as visual observation, fractography, metallography, hardness test and chemical analysis.The result of investigation showed a fatigue fracture caused by high dynamic load wich is applied during service with a fracture below 5 %. A high cantilever bending tension at each end of the spring has occurred due to overload condition on main base plate wich rised deformation. There by the coil spring has broken. AbstrakPada pegas ulir yang mengalami kerusakan dilakukan pemeriksaan pada permukaan patah dan materialnya, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kerusakan per koil tersebut dan mencari solusi agar kejadian tidak terulang pada masa yang akan datang. Untuk itu dilakukan pemeriksaan secara visual, fraktografi, metalografi, uji kekerasan dan uji komposisi kimia.Dari hasil pemeriksaan didapatkan temuan kerusakan dengan ciri-ciri patah lelah (fatique) mengalami patah lelah dengan tegangan dinamis yang tinggi dimana area patah lelahnya dibawah 5%. Terjadi tegangan tinggi berupa tegangan bending diujung per karena pelat penumpu mengalami beban berlebih sehingga terjadi deformasi yang memungkinkan terjadinya kondisi kantilever di ujung per tersebut sehingga per tidak kuat menahan beban dan patah.Â

Optimization Spring Coil Design for Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading by using spring coil. Spring coil design was made of round stainless steel wire and usually it was custom-made design. In the previous study, the orthodontic force on 30 gram is required to move maxillary incisor during experimental tooth movement in rat. In this study, optimization new design of spring coil is developed to fulfill the requirement of orthodontic force. The design variable of new spring coil design is set on variation of angle aperture (5oα 10o), hook length (10 mml20 mm) and hook diameter (0.012 inchD0.014 inch). From the result, it can be produced the optimum designs which 8.9oof angle aperture; 12 mm of hook length and 0.014 inch of hook diameter for fulfilling the requirement of orthodontic force on 30 gram force.