Improved Hemodynamic Status of Head Injured Patients in the Emergency Unit (ER): Literature Review

Background: Head injury is a serious problem that can lead to death and even death. Handling of head injuries starts from protecting the brain with blood flow to the brain so that hypoxia or brain ischemia does not occur. Hemodynamics is the result of measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Objectives: This literature review aims to find out what interventions can be done when there is an increase in hemodynamic status in head injury patients Methods: This database search was conducted by searching on google scholars with the keywords head injury, hemodynamics. The inclusion criteria of this literature review are articles that were researched within the last 5 years with the year published 2015-2020, full text, using the Indonesian language, the article that used is the article. Results: Interventions that can be done when there is an increase in hemodynamic status in head injury patients are giving oxygen and increasing 30o, giving oxygen through a simple mask and head position 30o, giving head-up position 30o compared to 15o position, giving nasal prong oxygenation therapy and murotal therapy Al-Qur'an for 30 minutes 3 times/day. Conclusion: All interventions resulting from this literature review were in the form of giving oxygen and increasing the head 30o, giving oxygen through a simple mask and head position 30o, giving the head position 30o compared to 15o position, giving nasal branch oxygenation therapy, and murotal Al-Qur'an therapy for 30 minutes 3 times/day.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEAD INJURY IN VINDHYA REGION.

Introduction: Head injury is one of the major public health concern because it can happen to Anyone in day to day life. Nearly 50% of trauma deaths are because of head Injuries but these account for numerous cases of permanent disability. Aims & Objectives: To know about the incidence & distribution of head injury from various causes according to age, sex, site of event, occupation, peak hours &seasonal variation. Methodology: The present study was conducted in patients of head injury. Particulars of the patients, date & time of incidence, admission & mode of treatment received i.e. conservative or operated were recorded from hospital records, post graduate students, neurosurgeons & from other hospital staffs. Result: Incidence of head injury was 2.82%. 84.66% of patients were managed Conservatively. Maximum patients had GCS 13 to15, the most Common age group was21-30 years. 38.66% of Patients were under the influence of alcohol &stay in hospital was 1 to3 days. Conclusion: Head injury is one of the greatest challenge to human being, not only because of the trama but also interms of disability , morbidity and financial losses , further aggravating agony, needed to eliminate such pathetic situation by implementation of education and training among public & health professionals. Keywords: Head injury, Epidemiology

GAMBARAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA PASCA OPERASI PERIODE JANUARI 2012 - DESEMBER 2013 DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

Traumatic brain injury is a major global problem. Global incident average in urban areas ranged from 108 to 332 new cases admitted to the hospital per 100,000 population per year. About 39% of patients with severe brain trauma died due to injuries, and 60% had low Glasgow Outcome Scale (GCS). Neurosurgical surgery decreased the incidence of death and injury due to head trauma from 72 to 25%. However, patients still show significant disability after completion of therapy. Disability could manifest in the form of physical, mental, and/or behavior disability. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design by using a questionnaire. This study aimed to obtain the quality of life of patients with head injury in post-operative period from January 2012 - December 31, 2013 in Prof. R. D. Kandou Hopital Manado. The results showed that most respondents were male (61.3%), aged 11-20 years (48.6%). Most respondents lived at Malalayang (19.4%). The most frequent head injuries were mild head injuries (74.2%). The final states of the patients (GOS) were: good recovery 58.1% and moderate disability 41.9%. Patients with GCS mild, moderate, or good recovery disability were 3.2% each. Patients with GCS were mostly good recovery (48.4%). Most patients with severe GCS experienced moderate disability (12.9%). Characteristics of patient satisfaction were satisfied 54.8% and not satisfied 45.2%. Relationship of satisfaction level with GOS was as follows: most satisfied patients had good recovery (35.5%), where as most not-satisfied patients had moderate disability (29.0%).Keywords: head injury, post craniotomy, patient satisfactionAbstrak: Kerusakan otak traumatik merupakan masalah global utama. Insiden rata-rata di perkotaan secara global berkisar dari 108 sampai 332 kasus baru yang masuk rumah sakit per 100.000 populasi per tahun. Rata-rata 39% pasien-pasien dengan trauma otak berat meninggal karena cedera, dan 60% memiliki Glasgow Outcome Scale (GCS) yang rendah. Tindakan operasi bedah saraf menurunkan insiden kematian dan cedera akibat trauma kepala dari 72 sampai 25%. Meski demikian, pasien-pasien tetap menunjukkan kecacatan yang nyata sesudah menyelesaikan terapi, baik berupa cacat fisik, mental, dan/atau perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kualitas hidup pasien cedera kepala pasca operasi periode Januari 2012-Desember 2013 di RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden terbanyak ialah laki-laki (61,3%), usia terbanyak 11-20 tahun (48,6%), alamat responden terbanyak di Malalayang (19,4%). Cedera kepala terbanyak ialah cedera kepala sedang sebesar 74,2%. Keadaan akhir pasien (GOS), good recovery sebesar 58,1%, sedangkan moderate disability 41,9%. Pasien dengan GCS ringan, moderate dissability dan good recovery masing-masing sebesar 3,2%. Pasien dengan GCS sedang paling banyak good recovery yaitu 48,4%. Pasien dengan GCS berat paling banyak mengalami moderate dissability yaitu 12,9%. Karakteristik kepuasan pasien diperoleh puas sebesar 54,8% sedangkan yang tidak puas 45,2%. Hubungan tingkat kepuasan dengan GOS, yang puas ter banyak pasien yang good recovery yaitu 35,5%, sedangkan yang tidak puas terbanyak moderate dissability yaitu 29,0%.Kata kunci: cedera kepala, pasca kraniotomi, kepuasan pasien.

Epidemiological Study of Fatal Head Injury in Road Traffic Accident Cases: A Study from BPKIHS, Dharan

Setting: Study was performed in mortuary of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan. Objectives: 1. To know the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident cases. 2. To know the relationship of head injury in road traffic accidents with the factors like helmet use, type of vehicle involved in accident. Study design: longitudinal descriptive study. Study unit: 77 Dead bodies with fatal head injury from RTA coming to BPKIHS mortuary, a focal point in eastern Nepal Study variables: Demographic characteristics of the victims, time, day and month of accidents, type of accidents, vehicle involved in accidents etc. Statistical analysis: Proportion. Results: There were approximately 78% male and 22% female road traffic accident victims with head injury. Students were the highest (20.7%) among the victims. The highest number of accidents took place in the month of June (11.7%) and on Saturdays (24.6%). The pedestrians were the largest (45%) group of the victims. Among the motorized vehicles, two wheeler drivers were more (34%) victims in accidents. Out of 77 fatalities, 22% were found to have consumed alcohol. Conclusion: Due to bad and mismanaged roads and poor road traffic knowledge to the citizens, road traffic accidents are the most common cause of unnatural deaths in this region. Minimal use of helmet is the main cause of fatal head injury in two wheeler occupants. Keywords: Head injury; Road traffic accident; Epidemiological study; Trauma; Injuries DOI: 10.3126/hren.v8i2.4420 Health Renaissance, May-Aug 2010; Vol 8 (No.2):97-101