Attributing and Defining an Unbuilt 1859 Architectural Plan for the Site of Trogir’s Medieval Walls

This paper discusses the attribution of an anonymous and unbuilt 1859 plan for a four-storey apartment building with commercial spaces on the ground floor, located on the site of the old town walls in Trogir. It proposes Josip Slade as the architect of the plan, interpreting Slade’s architectural language and the development of his approach to architectural heritage. An analysis of the project in a historical socio-political and spatial context, moreover, supports the conclusion that this was intended as rental property, and this paper therefore offers insights into the first known example of the tenement housing building typology in the nineteenth-century Trogir

Assessing Accessibility of Footpath-Level Walkability in Old Core Cities of India for Promoting Universal Mobility through Architectural Planning Research: Case Study of Central Kolkata, India

In this research, the accessibility in the footpath-level walkability condition of old core cities of India has been assessed, considering Central Kolkata, India as a case. Post-2015, after the implementation of Goal Number 11 of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (i.e. Sustainable Cities and Communities), the significance of universal mobility has globally manifolded in the walkability sector. This research has been done in theoretical, ideological, and methodological patterns using Architectural Planning Research for promoting Universal Mobility in old Indian cities. The variables (categorical) used in this research are related to pedestrian infrastructure. The categorical variables are: 1) Building Typology of Stretch, 2) Footpath Dimensions, 3) Temporary Encroachment, 4) Permanent Encroachment, 5) Bus Stop, 6) Metro Rail Entrance, 7) Railings, 8) Storm Water Drains, 9) Public Toilet, 10) Trash Bins, 11) Street Lights, 12) Flooring, 13) Manholes, 14) Kerb, 15) Pedestrian Crossing, 16) Street Furniture, 17) Safety and Security, and 18) Additional Inclusive Features like signage. This research shows that the footpath stretches in Central Kolkata, India are inadequate in terms of ideal accessibility. In addition to this, the result of this research portrays complexities in the adaptability of accessible walkability-related considerations; thereby suggesting a new accessibility audit format for old core Indian cities for achieving Universal Mobility standards in the future. The authors also propose quantitative methods to conduct future research in the same domain.

EXPERTS’ IDENTIFICATION OF POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION CONCEPTS RELEVANT TO BUILDING PERFORMANCE

Post occupancy evaluation is an approach in determining building performance based primarily on users' views. These views are sorted and evaluated by experts in the building industry for better design solutions. The Architects’ Registration Council of Nigeria (ARCON) upholds this view by providing post occupancy analysis and evaluation under phase 7 as a post construction activity in the professional payment schedule. However, minimal guidelines were set for easy adoption in the post-occupancy evaluation of buildings by ARCON for general application. To this end, this study aimed to identify the POE performance indicators and criteria relevant to building performance to guide future evaluations. The building typology considered was an architecture department building in a university. The quantitative survey involved ten architects selected through purposive sampling, and the SPSS descriptive statistics analysed data. The study considered forty criteria under three performance indicators: Design Quality (DQ), Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), and Quality of Building Support Services (QBSS). The experts rated twenty-four of the performance criteria to be relevant; thirteen were rated as moderately relevant, while three were below moderately relevant. The study recommended that proximity to sports facility and place of worship under accessibility should not be considered in POE of this building typology.

layers of old and new : the adaptive reuse of mid-20th century modern architecture

<p>This research portfolio explores the role of adaptive reuse to support the preservation of mid-century modern architecture and facilitate new needs. Technological transformations of the 21st century have changed needs, making certain building typologies obsolete. Post offices are one impacted building typology currently declining. This project uses a mid-20th century post office in suburban Wellington to explore the creative opportunities presented by the adaptive reuse of such structures. Key authors argue that a critical synergy and layering of the old and new can create a dialogue in the architecture which is arguably more innovate and regenerative than any construction that disregards the existing. In many cases, continuing use of the old buildings is also a more sustainable approach. The project also contributes to the challenges and ongoing develop of conservation approaches to modern heritage. In this project, through analysis of the context and case studies an adaptive reuse framework specific to modern architecture heritage is developed to build a strategy for reuse. The framework is then applied to the chosen mid-20th century post office to aid the design of the buildings reuse. This forms an argument that the dialogue developed between old and new elements transform vacant modern architecture to living heritage ensuring continual use.</p>

layers of old and new : the adaptive reuse of mid-20th century modern architecture

<p>This research portfolio explores the role of adaptive reuse to support the preservation of mid-century modern architecture and facilitate new needs. Technological transformations of the 21st century have changed needs, making certain building typologies obsolete. Post offices are one impacted building typology currently declining. This project uses a mid-20th century post office in suburban Wellington to explore the creative opportunities presented by the adaptive reuse of such structures. Key authors argue that a critical synergy and layering of the old and new can create a dialogue in the architecture which is arguably more innovate and regenerative than any construction that disregards the existing. In many cases, continuing use of the old buildings is also a more sustainable approach. The project also contributes to the challenges and ongoing develop of conservation approaches to modern heritage. In this project, through analysis of the context and case studies an adaptive reuse framework specific to modern architecture heritage is developed to build a strategy for reuse. The framework is then applied to the chosen mid-20th century post office to aid the design of the buildings reuse. This forms an argument that the dialogue developed between old and new elements transform vacant modern architecture to living heritage ensuring continual use.</p>

Seismic Performance Assessment of a Moment-Frame Reinforced Concrete Building Typology

This study covers the application of Static and Dynamic nonlinear analysis to an old moment-frame reinforced concrete building. The case study selected is a template one designed in 1982 without shear walls and built throughout Albanian region in the communism era using old standards (KTP 2-78). For the capacity calculation, Pushover analysis is performed using an inverse triangular load pattern. The demand calculation is conducted using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) as a method which provides the response behavior of the structure from the elastic range until collapse. For the dynamic analysis is used a set of 18 earthquakes with no marks of directivity. Limit states are defined for both Pushover and IDA based on the FEMA 356 guidelines. The mathematical model is prepared in the environment of Zeus-NL, a software developed especially for earthquake applications. The parameters defined for the IDA analysis are 5% damped first mode spectral acceleration (Sa(T1,5%)) for the intensity measure (IM) and maximum global drift ratio (ϴmax) for the damage measure (DM). In addition, limit states are selected for the pushover curve as Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP). Similarly, for the IDA curve the limit states are selected as IO, CP and Global Instability (GI) based on FEMA guidelines. Furthermore, IDA curves are summarized into 16%, 50% and 84% fractiles as suggested in the literature. Additionally, a comparison between Pushover and IDA median (50% fractile) is shown from the same graph to illustrate the correlations between performance levels. Finally, structural performance is interpreted based on the outcomes.

TIPOMORFOLOGI ARSITEKTUR BANGUNAN PECINAN DI KESAWAN MEDAN

Most of the buildings in Kesawan-Medan still maintain the Dutch-Chinese architecture of the transitional period or the Transitional architecture, although the awareness to preserve this historical heritage is still low. Furthermore, there is no regulation limiting changes that may be made, yet it has not been designated as a Cultural Conservation Building. This situation raises fears of losing track of the original building. This paper intends to explain the typomorphological characteristics of the Chinatown building architecture in Kesawan-Medan. The method used is desk research on research reports, various sources of books, and journals. The theory used is the theory of area morphology and building typology from Andre Loeckx and Markus Zahnd. The general condition of the building has not lost its original form. Renovations were carried out within the limits of repainting, repairing damaged elements, and changing functions. Typomorphology is evident from the materials used and their layout. Building materials used are from the surrounding environment, such as bricks, tile roofs, and windows. The layout of the building is in the residential emplacement area of the city center, with a flat topography in the tropical wet climate of Indonesia. Permukiman kesawan Medan sebagian besar masih mempertahankan arsitektur bangunan Belanda-China periode peralihan atau arsitektur Transisi, walaupun kesadaran pelestarian peninggalan bernilai sejarah masih minim. Belum ada peraturan batasan perubahan yang boleh dilakukan dan belum ditetapkan sebagai Bangunan Cagar Budaya. Keadaan ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan kehilangan jejak bangunan aslinya. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan karakteristik tipomorfologi arsitektur bangunan pecinan di kesawan Medan. Metode yang digunakan adalah desk research terhadap laporan hasil penelitian, berbagai sumber buku dan jurnal. Menggunakan teori morfologi kawasan dan tipologi bangunan dari Andre Loeckx dan Markus Zahnd. Kondisi bangunan secara umum belum kehilangan bentuk aslinya. Renovasi dilakukan dalam batas pengecatan ulang, perbaikan elemen yang rusak, dan perubahan fungsi. Tipomorfologi khasnya tampak dari bahan yang digunakan dan tata letaknya. Bahan bangunan dari lingkungan sekitar, seperti bata, keramik atap genting dan jendela. Tata letak bangunan berada di kawasan emplasemen permukiman pusat kota, dengan topografi lahan datar dalam lingkungan iklim tropis basah Indonesia.

Evolution and Recovery: Adaptable Housing Reconstruction in Post Disaster Scenarios

<p>Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people, causing damage that can take months or years to recover from. The reality of carrying out the processes of reconstruction and recreating functionality is a complex and difficult task; too often it is measured in a time period of several years. The issue to be addressed through this research is the response of the built (or rebuilt) environment to the requirements of people who have been displaced following a major disaster. This thesis develops a building typology and process that can adapt to the changing requirements of the stages of the redevelopment process in a post‐disaster scenario. The research focuses on natural disasters, more vulnerable populations and regions and specifically on housing reconstruction. It explores the idea of a solution that can be applied widely, to many different climates and contexts; the research question then amounts to ‘can a solution be created that can ‘evolve’ to meet the needs at each stage of a post disaster reconstruction scenario?’ The thesis explores existing post‐disaster response and reconstruction models and discusses the focuses and priorities of each. The requirements of displaced people are studied, in terms of response by the built environment, and the benefits of staged development versus end product discussed. The roles that major groups, such as local authorities and NGOs, play in orchestrating the reconstruction process are discussed as well as the important, and sometimes overlooked, role that those affected by the disaster may have. The discussion and research then informs the design proposal. Four sites are selected and used as parameters for developing the built response to the first stage of reconstruction. The selected sites are then used to show how a generic shelter may first be adapted to be suitable for a specific climate and context and then how they may be added to and grown to become permanent and suitable housing for the displaced people. The staged redevelopment process from a partially generic emergency deployment presented in this thesis can provide a solution, or framework for a solution, to many of the problems raised by the research and here, but it cannot be a solution by itself; architecture or design in post‐disaster scenarios must be supported and driven heavily by planning and management from local, national and international sources to be successful and fully realised.</p>

Evolution and Recovery: Adaptable Housing Reconstruction in Post Disaster Scenarios

<p>Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people, causing damage that can take months or years to recover from. The reality of carrying out the processes of reconstruction and recreating functionality is a complex and difficult task; too often it is measured in a time period of several years. The issue to be addressed through this research is the response of the built (or rebuilt) environment to the requirements of people who have been displaced following a major disaster. This thesis develops a building typology and process that can adapt to the changing requirements of the stages of the redevelopment process in a post‐disaster scenario. The research focuses on natural disasters, more vulnerable populations and regions and specifically on housing reconstruction. It explores the idea of a solution that can be applied widely, to many different climates and contexts; the research question then amounts to ‘can a solution be created that can ‘evolve’ to meet the needs at each stage of a post disaster reconstruction scenario?’ The thesis explores existing post‐disaster response and reconstruction models and discusses the focuses and priorities of each. The requirements of displaced people are studied, in terms of response by the built environment, and the benefits of staged development versus end product discussed. The roles that major groups, such as local authorities and NGOs, play in orchestrating the reconstruction process are discussed as well as the important, and sometimes overlooked, role that those affected by the disaster may have. The discussion and research then informs the design proposal. Four sites are selected and used as parameters for developing the built response to the first stage of reconstruction. The selected sites are then used to show how a generic shelter may first be adapted to be suitable for a specific climate and context and then how they may be added to and grown to become permanent and suitable housing for the displaced people. The staged redevelopment process from a partially generic emergency deployment presented in this thesis can provide a solution, or framework for a solution, to many of the problems raised by the research and here, but it cannot be a solution by itself; architecture or design in post‐disaster scenarios must be supported and driven heavily by planning and management from local, national and international sources to be successful and fully realised.</p>