Study heat exchange in porous structures

This paper shows the problem with heat exchange depending on units of thermal power plant equipment. The type of structures is determined and the heat flow for different pressures is proposed. Studies are developed for the condition of the heat exchange surface. Devices with porous coatings eliminate the development of cracks in the components and units of TPP equipment have been suggested. The research is applicable to gas turbine units of TPP. Comparable capillary-porous and flow systems have high reliability, but the former allowed the reduction of coolant consumption dozens up to 80 times. The results show that at higher heat loads it is suitable to use in porous surfaces to control the cooling surface. Evaluation of capillary-porous structures has shown their advantages over traditional cooling systems.

Vertical Seismic Isolation Device for Three-Dimensional Seismic Isolation of Nuclear Power Plant Equipment—Case Study

The purpose of this study was to develop a vertical seismic isolation device essential for the three-dimensional seismic isolation design of nuclear power plant equipment. The vertical seismic isolation device in this study has a concept that can be integrally combined with a conventional laminated rubber bearing, a horizontal seismic isolator with a design vertical load of 10 kN. To develop the vertical seismic isolation device, the vertical spring and the seismic energy dissipation device capable of limiting the vertical displacement of the spring were designed and their performances were verified through actual tests. In this study, the target elevation of the floor is 136 ft, where safety-related nuclear equipment, such as cabinet and remote shutdown console, etc., is installed. The sensitivity studies were carried out to investigate the optimal design vertical isolation frequencies for the target building elevation. Based on the results of the sensitivity study, a disc spring and a helical coil spring were selected for the vertical stiffness design, and the steel damper was selected for the seismic energy dissipation, and their performance characteristics were tested to confirm the design performance. For the steel damper, three types were designed and their energy dissipation characteristics by hysteretic behavior were confirmed by the inelastic finite element analyses and the tests in static fully reversed cyclic conditions. Through the study of the vertical seismic isolation device, it was found that 2.5 Hz~3.0 Hz is appropriate for the optimal design vertical isolation. With results of the vertical seismic isolation performance analysis, the appropriate number of steel dampers are proposed to limit the vertical seismic displacement of the spring within the static displacement range by the design vertical load.

Benthic and periphytic invertebrate contour groups in techno-ecosystems of power plants of Ukraine

Based on many years of research experience of water techno-ecosystems of thermal and nuclear power plants a brief review of the main patterns of formation of the composition, cenotic structure, elements of the functional organization of benthos and periphyton communities was made. It was shown that the composition of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton in some cooling ponds, other technical water bodies and watercourses was quite rich. In addition, due to the rather intensive invasive process, the list of taxa is constantly expanding. Species of tropical and subtropical origin have been recorded. Of particular importance is the invasion of species that may be the cause of bio-hindrances in the operation of power plant equipment. Techno-ecosystems have been studied to varying degrees. One of the most studied for a long time are the cooling ponds of Khmelnitsky and Chernobyl nuclear power plants. Hydrobiological research and monitoring at the first one has been carried out for more than 20 years. It was found that the influence of biotic invasion (invasion of Dreissenidae) may have a significant impact, comparable to extreme technogenic factors, on both the ecosystem and technical water supply facilities. The stages of contourisation and decontourisation processes in the Khmelnitsky NPP techno-ecosystem were established. At the Chernobyl NPP cooling pond, studies were carried out during all periods of the existence of the reservoir and the power plant, until the process of uncontrolled pond descent and transforming it into a unique wetland. Based on the obtained data, practical recommendations relating to the organization of hydrobiological and environmental monitoring, as well as reducing biological hindrances and improving the reliability of power plant equipment have been developed.

Design and Development of IoT Based Water Flow Monitoring for Pico Hydro Power Plant

A Pico hydro power plant is one good solution to support energy independence for rural areas in Indonesia. The problem that normally emerged is the uncertainty of water debit. This may cause the damage of the Pico hydro power plant equipment. The main objective of this study is to design a water flow monitoring (WAFLOW-MT) device based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This device may help the technicians at the Pico hydro power plant in monitoring the speed of water flow at the river so that the water debit is recorded all the time. The design and development process of the WAFLOW-MT device was done through 4 stages: 1) need analysis; 2) system design; 3) system development, and 4) system testing. The data was collected from the water flow sensor and sent via IoT to the webserver thingspeak.com by 6 days duration of testing. According to the testing result, it can be concluded that the WAFLOW-MT device successfully monitored the water flow of the river.