Activation of renal sensory nerves by chemo- and mechano-sensitive stimuli produces changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). Anesthesia and sex influence autonomic function and cardiovascular hemodynamics, but it is unclear to what extent anesthesia and sex impact SNA and ABP responses to renal sensory stimuli. We measured renal, splanchnic, and lumbar SNA and ABP in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats during contralateral renal infusion of capsaicin and bradykinin or during elevation in renal pelvic pressure. Responses were evaluated using a decerebrate preparation, Inactin, urethane, or isoflurane anesthesia. Intra-renal arterial infusion of capsaicin (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) increased renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP but decreased lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. Intra-renal arterial infusion of bradykinin (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) increased renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP but decreased lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. Elevated renal pelvic pressure (0 - 20 mmHg, 30s) significantly increased renal SNA and splanchnic SNA but not lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. In marked contrast, SNA and ABP responses to every renal stimulus was severely blunted in the urethane or decerebrate groups and absent in the isoflurane groups. In the Inactin group, the magnitude of SNA responses to chemo- and mechano-sensory stimuli were not different between male versus female rats. Thus, chemo- and mechano-sensitive stimuli produce differential changes in renal, splanchnic, and lumbar SNA. Experimentally, future investigations should consider Inactin anesthesia to examine sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to renal sensory stimuli.