Some issiues of prepositional problems (on modern German language material

The class of modern German prepositions is not a closed system. In it the old linguistic units are constantly disappearing and new ones are emerging. The preposition in the row of speech parts is presented next to orher, auxiliary and unchangable word classes. Unlike them, the preposition has the abilikty to manage. The pokisemy of prepositions determaines the siversity of their meaning and functioning. This issue es especially interesting at the syntax level. The proposal is not an independent member, but is always part of any member of the proposal. It can appear with object, attribute and adverbial modifier. But in thid case the decisive role is playes by the factor belongigng to the pre-existing old, new named unit. The management of the prepositions is conditioned not onle by the turnover but by the preposition itself, which id directly related to the distribution. In this case it is related to both autosemnatic and synesemantic words, but the actualization of the preposition is mainly influenced by the full-meaning word – verb.

Die Reichstagsteilnahme des livländischen Deutschordenszweiges und seine Beziehungen mit dem deutschen Zweig (ca. 1520‒1560)

The participation of the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order at the Imperial Diets and its relations with the German branch (from the 1520s to the 1550s) This article discusses the relations of Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order with the German branch from the secularization of Prussia (1525) to the beginning of the Livonian War (1558), and concentrates on the topics that were connected with the participation of the Order at the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. Before the aforementioned period, the branches had very few direct connections, and relations of the Livonian branch with the Empire were usually mediated by the Grand Master of the Order. After 1525, the German Master largely took over the role of a mediator, as he became the acting head of the Order and had close relations with the central Imperial institutions. The latter became increasingly important for the Livonian Master, who became an Imperial prince most probably on the 24th of December 1526. This enabled him to participate in the Imperial Diets. At the Diets, the branches represented their interests usually separately. This was partially caused by the fact that these diverged quite strongly: while the German branch aspired for the recuperation of Prussia, tried to protect the Order’s possessions from increasing intrusions of German princes, and paid the Turkish taxes to obtain support from the Emperor; the Livonian branch wanted to obtain support against the Russian threat and rivals inside Livonia, while also trying to avoid paying Imperial taxes. Additionally, the Duke of Prussia was the neighbour of Livonia with whom the Livonian branch usually tried to maintain normal relations. Nevertheless, the branches communicated quite actively during the Diets and supported each other, at least in a rhetorical capacity. Additionally, Livonian envoys normally went firstly to the German Master for consultations and headed to the Diets only thereafter. Thus, the communication was quite vivid, but did not leave many marks to the official documentation, as especially the Livonian branch preferred to represent itself as a separate and independent member of the Empire in front of the Imperial Estates.

Concerning semantic models russian preproposition offers

One of the urgent problems of modern science - the study of the concrete facts of the language in the system of their relations at different levels. Interest in this plan represent deverbative nouns, and syntactic structures, which are based on these names. In the proposal deverbative able to perform a variety of functions, making as logical-semantic and structural complication. The article presents a method of describing semantic models preproposition simple sentences with deverbative in the role of senior independent member (subject) of the data syntax, given as an example of one of such models.

La independencia de Escocia en la Unión Europea : los efectos de la secesión de territorios en la UE entre política y derecho = The independence of Scotland in the European Union : the effects of territories’ secession within the EU between Law and Politics.

Este trabajo analiza el problema de los efectos en el interior de la UE de la recesión de territorios en el seno de sus Estados miembros, en relación a la hipotética independencia de Escocia, en el supuesto de un apoyo mayoritario a la opción independentista en el referéndum que va a tener lugar el próximo 18 de septiembre de 2104. Frente a la convicción inquebrantable de los promotores de la independencia de que Escocia, tras la independencia, permanecerá en la UE, como Estado miembro de pleno derecho y que la modificación de un status es una cuestión interna, casi una mera formalidad, este trabajo analiza los problemas que plantea la pretención escocesa, en la UE, entre Derecho y Política.This paper’s aim is to analyze the effects the secession of territories in the Member States can have within the EU, regarding the hypothetical independence of Scotland in the case a majority of Scotish citizens would back that opinion in the referendum on September 18, 2014. Those who are promoting and independent Scotland are completely convinced that the territory will remain in the EU, as an independent Member State, and that it will reach this new status from within the EU. In their mind, that is an EU’s «internal» matter, which doesn’t need any special procedure, as far as it would be just little more than a formality. On the contrary, this paper analyzes the issues a proposal like this of Scotland encounter within the EU both in the fields of Law and Politics.