Some issiues of prepositional problems (on modern German language material

The class of modern German prepositions is not a closed system. In it the old linguistic units are constantly disappearing and new ones are emerging. The preposition in the row of speech parts is presented next to orher, auxiliary and unchangable word classes. Unlike them, the preposition has the abilikty to manage. The pokisemy of prepositions determaines the siversity of their meaning and functioning. This issue es especially interesting at the syntax level. The proposal is not an independent member, but is always part of any member of the proposal. It can appear with object, attribute and adverbial modifier. But in thid case the decisive role is playes by the factor belongigng to the pre-existing old, new named unit. The management of the prepositions is conditioned not onle by the turnover but by the preposition itself, which id directly related to the distribution. In this case it is related to both autosemnatic and synesemantic words, but the actualization of the preposition is mainly influenced by the full-meaning word – verb.

Overview on Image Captioning Techniques

Image captioning is a process to assign a meaningful title for a given image with the help of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision techniques. Captioning of an image first need to identify object, attribute and relationship among these in image and second is to generate relevant description for the given image. So it require both NLP and Computer vision techniques to perform image captioning task. Due to complexity of finding relationship between the attribute of the object and its feature makes it a challenging task. Also for machine it is difficult to emulate human brain however researches have shown a prominent achievement in this field and made it easy to solve such problems. The foremost aim of this survey paper is to describe several methods to achieve the same, the core involvement of this paper is to categorise different existing approaches for image captioning, further discussed their subcategories of this method and classify them, also discussed some of their strength and limitations. This survey paper gives theoretical analysis of image captioning methods and defines some earlier and newly approach for image captioning. This survey paper is basically a source of information for researchers in order to get idea of different approaches that were developed so far in the field of image captioning. Key words : Computer Vision, Deep Learning, Neural Network, NLP, Image Captioning, Multimodal Learning.

Object-Attribute Approach for Semantic Analysis of Natural Language

he article describes the methodology of semantic analysis of natural language (NL) and semantic search in it, which includes: the general stages of analysis of NL, the format of the semantic network for presenting the meaning of the text, words polysemy analysis, semantic and syntactic agreement of words, etc. The method is based on the object-attribute principle of organization of calculations and data structures, belonging to the dataflow class.

SYNTACTIC CONCEPT OF BEING AN OBJECT ATTRIBUTE

In our work, we proceed from the fact that syntactic structural schemes have a sign nature and their signified-syntactic concepts. Our article is based on the concept of the existence of typical propositions that have been fixed using syntactic constructions (positional and structural schemes of a simple sentence). The article defines the relationship between the syntactic concept and the sentence structure scheme in modern scientific research from the point of view of the linguocognitive approach; the definitions of the concepts "syntactic concept" and "sentence structure scheme" are presented; a linguocognitive approach to the study of sentence structure schemes through the prism of syntactic concepts is considered, the problems of interaction of syntax and semantics, as well as the principles of their interaction in the process of sentence analysis are considered. The article identifies the main syntactic schemes that represent the concept of the attribute of being an object, the basis of which is the verbs of being+object attribute.

On Bonds for Generalized One-Sided Concept Lattices

The generalized one-sided concept lattices represent a generalization of the classical FCA method convenient for a hierarchical analysis of object-attribute models with different types of attributes. The mentioned types of object-attribute models are formalized within the theory as formal contexts of a certain type. The aim of this paper is to investigate some intercontextual relationships represented by the notion of bond. A composition of bonds is defined in order to introduce the category of formal contexts with bonds as morphisms. It is shown that there is a one-to-one correspondence between bonds and supremum preserving mappings between the corresponding generalized one-sided concept lattices. As the main theoretical result it is shown that the introduced category of formal contexts with bonds is equivalent to the category of complete lattices with supremum preserving mappings as morphisms.

GERMAN INFINITIVE IN THE SYSTEM OF PARTS OF SPEECH

The article deals with the main features of the infinitive, the specifics of its grammatical and syntactic functions in modern German language. It is found out that the infinitive has partial properties of both the verb and the noun. Therefore, the infinitive is considered a morpho-syntactically hybrid phenomenon, which is between the noun and the verb in the classification of parts of speech. The author proves that although infinitive and differs from a verb that it has no personal forms and the form of number, however as well as a verb expresses an action, process or state, has grammatical categories of time and state. The concept of infinitive time is special, because it does not express absolute time, but only the temporal ratio of actions. This time value is expressed in two forms Infinitive Present / Infinitive I and Infinitive Perfect / Infinitive II. The use of Infinitive I is responsible for the simultaneity or continuity of action, and Infinitive II for premature action. The grammatical category of the state of the German infinitive has six different forms: Infinitive I Active, Infinitive II Active, Infinitive I Passive, Infinitive II Passive, Infinitive I Stative, Infinitive II Stative. The affinity of the infinitive to the verb can be traced in the possibility of the formation of analytical verb forms (Future I, Future II, Conditional I, Conditional II), as well as in the function of the predicate in the sentence. As a result of the research it has been found that as well as a noun, the infinitive can express an action, process or state without specifying the person, number, method and time, it is easily substantivized and performs the appropriate syntactic functions. The analysis allows us to assert the powerful potential of the infinitive in the syntactic context, because it can perform the functions of both the main members of the sentence (subject, predicate) and secondary (object, attribute, adverbial modefier). This syntactic polyfunctionality of the infinitive distinguishes it from verb finite forms, which act only as a predicate.