scholarly journals Some issiues of prepositional problems (on modern German language material

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliso Koridze
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
German Language ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Independent Member ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Object Attribute

The class of modern German prepositions is not a closed system. In it the old linguistic units are constantly disappearing and new ones are emerging. The preposition in the row of speech parts is presented next to orher, auxiliary and unchangable word classes. Unlike them, the preposition has the abilikty to manage. The pokisemy of prepositions determaines the siversity of their meaning and functioning. This issue es especially interesting at the syntax level. The proposal is not an independent member, but is always part of any member of the proposal. It can appear with object, attribute and adverbial modifier. But in thid case the decisive role is playes by the factor belongigng to the pre-existing old, new named unit. The management of the prepositions is conditioned not onle by the turnover but by the preposition itself, which id directly related to the distribution. In this case it is related to both autosemnatic and synesemantic words, but the actualization of the preposition is mainly influenced by the full-meaning word – verb.

scholarly journals Nominalization in TIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Stephen Shiaondo Ajim ◽  
Iorember Margaret N
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Linguistic Process

Nominalization is a linguistic process of deriving nouns from other word classes or linguistic units. Nominalization is evident in many languages of the world. The Tiv language also exhibits nominalization. This paper critically analyses nominalization in Tiv. The objectives of the paper are: to determine the processes through which nominalization takes place in the Tiv language, the extent to which the processes of nominalization are productive in the Tiv language, and the classes of words and linguistic units that are nominalized in Tiv. Data were sourced from the native speakers of Tiv using the researcher – participant technique. The researchers documented the lexical items used during the interaction, determine the basic components of the lexical items and the word classes such lexical items belonged to. The intuitive knowledge of the researchers as the native speakers of the language was harnessed. The secondary data were sourced from the already existing literatures such as textbooks, journals and the internet. The theory adopted in the paper is Hokett’s (1954) structural theory whose models are the Item-and-Process (I.P) and Item-and-Arrangement (I.P). It has been found out that the processes through which nominalization takes in the Tiv language are prefixation, prefixation plus some modifications, tonality and desententialization (sentence deconstruction). These processes are discovered to be very productive in nominalization in Tiv. It has also been found out that verbs roots and adjectives are the classes of words that are nominalized (lexical nominalization) in the Tiv language together with sentences (syntactic nominalization).

On the Pronunciation Dictionaries of Contemporary German: Principles of Selection and Lemmatization of Lexical Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-357
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nycz ◽  
Zygmunt Tęcza
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Word Classes

Abstract The aim of the present paper is to discuss some specific differences between four modern pronunciation dictionaries of the German language: the Großes Wörterbuch der deutschen Aussprache of 1982, DUDEN Aussprachewörterbuch of 2000, Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch of 2009, and DUDEN Aussprachewörterbuch of 2015. This paper focuses on the principles of entry selection and lemmatization in diverse vocabulary groups (such as compounds, prefixed verbs, female noun forms denoting persons and professions, multiword expressions, foreign words, and inflected forms of individual word classes). Furthermore, sources used by the dictionaries’ authors in order to obtain entries are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals DIE FÖRDERUNG DER REZEPTIVEN FERTIGKEITEN DER TEXTARBEIT IN DER PRAXIS DEUTSCHUNTERRICHT

2020 ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
A.J. Sarymsakova ◽  
A.T. Nijasalieva
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
German Language ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Practice Of Teaching

The article discusses the effective use of text in the practice of teaching the German language in order to develop the communicative competence of students. The text is considered as a form of speech actualization of linguistic units, and as a basis for the formation of correlated skills in the receptive skills of speech activity.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF DISCOURSE MARKERS IN GERMAN

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Evgeniya R. Zhuravleva ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Shustova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
German Language ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Text Cohesion

The article aims at studying the functions of discourse markers of the German language in communication. Despite a considerable number of Russian and foreign works researching discourse markers, there is still no common opinion about the boundaries of this group of words, neither there are principles and criteria for their classification. We identify and summarize possible functions of discourse markers in different types of discourse. It was discovered that being the units of functional-pragmatic level, they provide text cohesion. Discourse markers are represented by various grammatical word classes, are used mostly in preposition and are characterized by dynamic nature.

scholarly journals Between good and evil: linguistic explication of the ambivalence of the universe in O. Dovhiy's poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Strokal
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
The Universe

The peculiarities of the linguistic expression of contrast reception in Oleksii Dovhiy's poetry are analyzed in the article. The author deals with such theoretical issues as а poetic text and the reception of contrast in poetry. Аnalyzing the role of evaluation in а poetic text, the author emphasizes the importance of its functions in verse language and human consciousness as a means of structuring cognizable reality. In the process of researching these problems, the author finds that in O. Dovhiy's poetic language, there are units that name both positive and negative realities within the same context, reflecting the artist's view of a particular organization of the world and the universe. Analyzing language units used by the poet to denote the phenomena of nature, elements of landscape and their attributes, we have noticed that in some cases such language units are used by the artist to reflect life challenges that influence the existential choice of a lyrical hero. Depicting the inner world of a lyrical hero, Oleksii Dovhiy uses a number of linguistic constructions that help the artist to emphasize the importance and the decisive role in such a choice of the inner willpower effort-decision of his hero. The analysis made it possible to distinguish among others a number of linguistic units that, when used in one or another context, create the same images with different axiological semantics. Such peculiarities of contextual use of the respective lexemes made it possible to form a separate group of nominations of contrasting images. The researcher has found out that one of Oleksii Dovhiy's brightest ambivalent images is the image of a word. In one case, this image is understood by the lyric hero as a word that has no weight and a weighty word. In the other case we have an emphasis on such a characteristic as the power of a word, its healing properties. Alongside the image of a word, a series of verbalizers is presented in the artist's poetry to denote the image of fire as a creative and at the same time destructive beginning. Stylistic analysis of the features of contextual functioning of lexemes for the designation of environmental phenomena has revealed a number of language units with stereotypically negative semantics, which in the literary context acquire a neutral or a positively marked tonality. It is proved that in Oleksii Dovhiy's poetry the aforementioned linguostylistic feature is unique

scholarly journals Implementation of qualia structures provided by relative adjectives and composites in German

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. M. Glushak
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
German Language ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Generative Lexicon ◽  
Nominal Groups ◽  
And Function ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Constitutive Material

The present paper deals with the semantic representation of attributive elements in the nominative group − relative adjectives and composites. The aim of the present study is to analyze the semantic representation of a predominantly noun in an attributive group with reference to Qualia structures, as applied in J. Pustejovsky’s theory of generative lexicon, and their realization through relative adjectives and composites, which are direct explicators of the semantic structure of predominant words (nouns). The study is based on the 150 most frequent relative adjectives identified on the basis of the electronic corpus of the German language. Relative adjectives qualify as Qualia structures and can denote objective constitutive (material and origin), formal (physical parameters, colour, time, place), telic (purpose and function of an object) and agentive (information about the creator, artifact, natural genus and causal chain) properties. The system of relative adjectives demonstrates a wide range of semantic meanings that are expressed in German by other linguistic means, e.g. composites. When describing the possibility of implementing Qualia structures in the noun group, other correlative linguistic units, such as composites, are analyzed. The variation in the use of nouns in composites and relative adjectives formed from them helps to actualize the presence of a feature in a particular situation, to give the nominal groups a terminological character and to make the transition from one qualification group to another.

scholarly journals Grammatische Terminologie im Kontrast. Einige Überlegungen aus der Sicht des DaF-Unterrichts in Italien

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ivančić
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Basic Distinction ◽  
Word Classes

The article deals with the metalinguistic terminology which characterizes the grammars of the German language used in the field of German as a foreign language (Deutsch als Fremdsprache) in Italy. Starting from the basic distinction between terminological equivalence and terminological divergence, such as postulated by Kleineidam, the investigation concerns two specific fields, the terminology of, respectively, word classes and phrasal constituents, which is compared with the terminology used in teaching the native language.

scholarly journals A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF VERBS IN NEWS SECTION OF THE JAKARTA POST: HOW FREQUENCY IS RELATED TO TEXT CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Ikmi Nur Oktavianti ◽  
Novi Retno Ardianti
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Concrete Action ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
News Writing ◽  
Linguistic Units

Verb is one of the most important word classes in linguistic construction due to its prominent role and dynamic nature. Interestingly, the use of verbs in different linguistic contexts might be various because the context can limit or allow certain verbs to occur more frequently than other verbs. It is compelling to study further the use of verbs in a particular linguistic context. This paper thus aims at examining the use of verbs in news section in The Jakarta Post to figure out the frequency of verbs and how it relates to the characteristics of news text. This study compiled The Jakarta Post corpus comprising news articles belong to the category of hard news from October to December 2018 with total size of 21.682 words. The verb types used in this study refer to those compiled by Scheibmann (combining Halliday’s verb taxonomy and Dixon’s verb types). Based on the analysis, it is obvious that verbal type is the most frequent verb type, followed by material and existential. As for the least frequent ones, there are corporeal and perception/relational types. It is plausible that verbal type occupies the most frequent position because the nature of news text is to deliver information and thus it needs to use verbal verbs quite often. Likewise, material verb is frequent because it states concrete action and existential verb denotes existence; both are vital in constructing news text. Meanwhile, corporeal and perception/relational types are least frequent because corporeal deals with bodily gestures actions and perception/relational shows subjectivity. Both verb types are rather insignificant concepts in news writing. Based on the results of analysis, it is obvious that there is a firm relation between frequency of verbs used in news text and the characteristics of the text: linguistic units that are not in accordance with the function of the text are not really needed and thus infrequently used.

scholarly journals Cognitive Models of Concepts Transformation in Some German Sports Terms Borrowed from English

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
English Language ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
German Language ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article examines the linguistic aspects of the process of borrowing terms from the English language into the sports sphere of the German language from the perspective of a cognitive approach. It analyses the features of cognitive interaction of the conceptual systems of professional spheres. The paper describes transformation models of cognitive structures into the recipient language in the process of terminological borrowing on the material of sports Anglicisms of the German language. The study shows that loanwords most often convey a conceptual structure in the recipient language, which is generated on the basis of already existing mental structures in the source language. Various cognitive models of the transformation of the “alien” concept are defined: preserving the original structure of the prototype concept; developing new conceptual features in the recipient language; narrowing the conceptual structure of the concept prototype. The research contributes to the problem of the representation of knowledge in a term, the identification of linguistic and cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation through borrowed linguistic units. The results can be used in the courses on cognitive linguistics, lexicology, in research practice and lexicographical descriptions, as well as in teaching practical language skills in professional sports. Keywords: Borrowing, terms, sports terminology, cognitive terminology, professional knowledge.

The (in)compatibility of morpheme orders and lexical categories and its historical implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Berg
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Particle Verbs ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
To Come ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Derivatives Of

English testifies to a remarkable pattern of lexical gaps. In quite a few cases, particlestem nouns (e.g. the income) and adjectives (e.g. incoming) exist in the current language whereas their corresponding verbs (e.g. *to income) do not. Verbs with the opposite morpheme order (e.g. to come in) are, of course, attested. Since most relevant nouns and adjectives are derivatives of verbs, the word-class shift must either have entailed an inversion of the morphemes, or the verbs must have dropped out of the language. A diachronic analysis does indeed reveal that particle-stem verbs have a lower ‘life-expectancy’ than the corresponding nouns and adjectives. This difference is claimed to follow from differing degrees of compatibility between word classes and morpheme orders. The criterion of syntacticity shows particle-stem nouns and stem-particle verbs to be internally consistent but stem-particle nouns and particle-stem verbs to be inconsistent. This inconsistency gives rise to the observed historical instability of particle-stem verbs. While also disfavoured in this framework, the currency of stem-particle nouns (e.g. the handout) can be attributed to a conspiracy of several facilitatory effects which tend to override the arguments against this word type. The fact that linguistic units may fall into disuse necessitates certain revisions of the notion of optimality as the backbone of Optimality Theory.

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