Effect of Janova, Sepia and Ovsynch Protocol on Blood Biochemical Profile and Fertility in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows

Background: Anoestrus is still one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in dairy cows despite technological advances in animal husbandry. Evaluation of blood biochemical profile is of diagnostic value to determine disease or health status of animal. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic regimen on blood biochemical profile, oestrus induction response and conception rate of anoestrus cows.Methods: Thirty two postpartum anoestrus cows randomly allocated to four groups as G0 (negative control), GI, GII, GIII, GIV and 8 normal cyclic as GV (positive control). Dewormer and mineral mixture administered to GI, GII, GIII, GIV while group GII, GIII and GIV additionally received janova, sepia and Ovsynch protocol respectively.Result: Different therapeutic protocols have variable effects on blood biochemical parameters. Overall oestrus induction response in G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV and GV is 0.00, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5 and 100.00 per cent respectively with corresponding conception rate of 0.00, 75, 80, 66.66, 57.13 and 75.00 per cent. On the basis of findings it can be concluded that aforesaid therapeutic regimens have definite bearings on fertility and can be used to manage postpartum anoestrus in cows.

116 Differences between 5- and 6-day progestogen-based oestrus induction protocol in Saanen and Toggenburg goats

Hormonal oestrus induction treatment is an important tool for the success of reproductive biotechniques in anoestrus goats. In the nonbreeding season, oestrus induction can be performed by the use of several protocols, including those varying in their duration. This study aimed to compare short-term (for either 5 or 6 days) progestogen-based oestrus synchronization protocols in dairy [Toggenburg (n=12) and Saanen (n=12)] goats during the nonbreeding season. This study was performed in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (21°35′S and 43°15′W), with 12 nulliparous (12–14 months old) and 12 pluriparous (2–4 years old in final third of lactation) goats, all with body condition scores (BCS) of 3.0 to 3.5. They were equally assigned to both treatments according to their order of parturition, BCS, and breed. On a random day (Day 0), 24 goats received an intravaginal device of 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Progespon®, Zoetis) which remained for 5 (G5; n=12) or 6 (G6; n=12) days. On Day 5, goats from both groups received 30µg of cloprostenol intramuscularly (IM) (Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L.) and 200IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) IM (Novormon®, Schering Plough Animal Health). Both groups received cloprostenol and eCG on the same day (regardless of device removal) to ensure they were administered at the same follicular wave. Both device insertion and removal were performed in the morning. Ultrasound evaluations were performed every 12h from device removal to ovulation detection. Ovulations were considered as the average interval between the last observation of follicles and the first exam in which it was no longer seen. The normal distribution of variables was determined by Shapiro-Wilk test and homocedasticity by Levene’s test. All variables were not normally distributed and thus analysed by Mann–Whitney U test, with P<0.05 considered significantly different. Values are presented in median±interquartile range. There was no difference between G5 and G6, respectively, in the interval to oestrus (48.0±0.0 vs. 48.0±12.0h), interval from oestrus onset to ovulation (18.0±9.0 vs. 18.0±12.0h), interval from device removal to ovulation (66.0±18.0 vs. 66.0±24.0h), number of ovulated follicles (2.0±2.0 vs. 2.5±2.0), or mean diameter of ovulated follicles (6.6±1.6 vs. 6.6±1.4mm). All ovulations were detected in the morning. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that short-term hormonal treatment for 5 or 6 days is similarly efficient to induce synchronous oestrus in Saanen and Toggenburg goats. This research was supported by EMBRAPA (Project 20.19.01.004.00.03.001) and CNPq (314952/2018-7).

The Effect of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Administration on Fertility and Embryonic Loss in Goats during the Anoestrus Period

Background: Following the induction of oestrus out of season in small ruminants, low fertility and variations in fertility rates are associated with embryonic losses. One of the main causes of embryonic loss is luteal dysfunction. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) supports the luteal structure, and increasing progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of promoting embryonic life. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of GnRH administration following an oestrus induction protocol in the anoestrus season for preventing embryonic loss in goats having failure to conceive during the season. Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, 106 Damascus goats aged 3-5 years and weighing 45-60 kg were used. The oestrus of 106 goats in the anoestrous group was stimulated with progesterone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment. Out of breeding season, goats were divided into the 4 following groups: GnRH0 (n = 27), GnRH7 (n = 26), GnRH0+7 (n = 27) and control (n = 26). In each goat, an intravaginal sponge (IS) containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) was placed into the vagina and left for 9 days. With the withdrawal of the sponge, 550IU PMSG and 125 μg of d-cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Oestrus detection was made via teaser bucks for 3 days starting 24 h after withdrawal of the IS. Eighteen bucks known to be fertile were used for breeding. Goats in the oestrus period were mated via natural breeding. The GnRH analogue lecirelin was injected intramuscularly at breeding in the GnRH0 group, on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH7 group, and both at breeding and on day 7 post-breeding in the GnRH0+7 group. No injections were given to the control group. Blood samples for progesterone measurement were taken by jugular vena puncturing on days 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19 after breeding from 10 randomly chosen goats in all groups. The goats with a level of > 3.5 ng/mL of progesterone on day 21 post-breeding were evaluated as pregnant. Pregnancy was also viewed on day 50 after breeding by real-time ultrasonography (USG) with a 5-7.5 MHz convex probe. The oestrus rate was 96.23% (102/106) in the goats. The rates of onset of oestrus between 36-48 h, 48-60 h and 60 h and beyond were 38.7% (41/106), 21.7% (23/106) and 35.8% (38/106), respectively. The total pregnancy rate was 35.8% (38/106). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) found for the pregnancy rate, embryonic death rate or progesterone concentration of the groups. However, serum progesterone levels were statistically different in the GnRH7 group compared with the control group (P < 0.05).Discussion: After synchronisation, various anti-luteolytic strategies can be used to support corpus luteum development and elevate progesterone concentration in the luteal phase to decrease embryonic loss and increase reproductive performance. Therefore, application of GnRH to support the luteal structure and to increase progesterone levels may be beneficial in terms of supporting embryonic life. The results showed that GnRH treatment on the day 7 post-breeding following oestrus induction, including FGA and PMSG, can increase serum progesterone levels in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period. However, following oestrus induction in the anoestrus period, it was seen that GnRH treatment at breeding or on day 7 after breeding did not have any positive effect on embryonic loss or reproductive performance. In conclusion, it was considered that this protocol could be implemented successfully, yielding a 35% pregnancy rate in Damascus goats in the anoestrus period, but embryonic loss must be deeply studied in detail.

Effect of Herbal, Homeopathic and Hormonal Drug on Hematology, Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception Rate in Postpartum Anoestrus Cows

The study was designed to assess the effect of herbal, homeopathic, and hormonal drugs namely Janova, Sepia and GnRH-PG-GnRH on hematological parameters, resumption of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate in 40 postpartum anoestrus and 8 normal cyclic cows. The anoestrus cows were randomly divided into five groups as G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV; 8 cows in each group. Group G0 (untreated anoestrus) and GV (normal cyclic cows) served as positive and negative control, respectively. All cows in GI, GII, GIII and GIV were subjected to dewormer and mineral mixture supplementation for 10 days, while group GII, GIII, and GIV were additionally treated with Janova (herbal heat inducer), Sepia (a homeopathic drug) and GnRH-PG-GnRH (Ovsynch) protocol, respectively. Different therapeutic protocols revealed variable and significant effects on most of the hematological parameters, except differential leucocyte count, before and after treatment. The values were also significantly higher in normal cyclic than anoestrus groups. The oestrus induction response in G0, GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV was 0.00, 50.00, 62.50, 75.00, 87.50, and 100.00 %, and corresponding overall conception rates of 3 cycles were 0.00, 75.00, 80.00, 66.66, 57.13 and 75.00 %, respectively. In conclusion, aforesaid therapeutic regimens have definite bearings on oestrus induction as well as on conception and can be used to manage postpartum anoestrus in cows.

Induction of oestrus in ewes of the rare Greek breeds Skopelos, Zakynthos, Kymi - Electrical resistance of cervical mucous

Objective of the study was the investigation of the response of Skopelos, Zakynthos and Kymi ewes to oestrus induction treatment. Furthermore, feasibility of measuring electrical resistance of cervical mucus for oestrus detection was examined. Oestrus was induced by intravaginal insertion of sponges impregnated with 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 12 days [groups: Skopelos (n=17), Zakynthos (n=18), Kymi (n=22)], followed by intramuscular injection of 400 iu equine chorionic gonadotropins) at the time of withdrawal. Blood samples were collected 10 days before sponge insertion, at insertion and withdrawal and at oestrus for measurement of oestradiol 17-β and progesterone concentration. Electrical resistance of cervical mucus was measured after οestrus detection, then ewes were mated. Proportion of Zakynthos ewes (100%) in oestrus was greater than that of Kymi (64%) or Skopelos (78%) ewes. Pregnancy rate ranged from 50% (Kymi ewes) to 67% (Skopelos ewes). Electrical resistance of cervical mucus of ewes that conceived was significantly smaller than of those that did not. Based on results of progesterone blood concentration measurement 10 days before and at sponge insertion, only Kymi ewes were at full anoestrus, whilst Zakynthos and Skopelos ewes were in the breeding season. Progesterone blood concentration at sponge withdrawal and oestradiol 17-β blood concentration at oestrus were significantly greater in Zakynthos ewes that conceived compared to those in ewes that did not conceive. Furthermore, progesterone concentration at sponge insertion was significantly greater in all ewes that conceived compared to that in ewes that did not. There were significant differences in oestradiol-17β and progesterone blood concentrations among breeds and at the various time-points of blood collection. It is concluded that response of the above sheep breeds to oestrus induction was satisfactory. Hormonal status of ewes during sponge insertion is of importance for conception. Measurement of electrical resistance of cervical mucus could be useful for selection of ewes for mating, even if rams used to detect oestrous.