Hongos de zonas urbanas: Ciudad de México y Estado de México

Antecedentes: Existen escasos estudios sobre macromicetos en Ciudad de México y Estado de México.Objetivo: Incrementar el conocimiento sobre la diversidad y distribución de los macromicetos en zonas urbanas de México.Métodos: Se realizaron recolecciones en la temporada de lluvias de 2012 a 2017. Se emplearon técnicas rutinarias en micología con literatura especializada para la determinación de especies.Resultados y conclusiones: Se presenta un listado de 32 especies (1 incertae sedis y 31 basidiomicetos). Hebeloma crustuliniforme, H. radicosum y Parasola auricoma son nuevos registros para la micobiota mexicana. Se registran por primera vez en zonas urbanas, géneros que normalmente se desarrollan en bosques de coníferas, bosques mixtos y zonas áridas.

Effects of vitamins, temperature and pH on the biomass production by ectomycorrhizal fungi

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of vitamins, temperature and pH on the biomass production by ectomycorrhizal fungi: <i>Laccuria bicolor, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Suillus bovinus</i> and <i>Pisolithus arhizus</i>. Responses of particular organisms were different Three-factor ANOVA which enables the comparison of the effect of experimental factors on biomass yield has shown that the pH of the medium had a stronger effect on <i>L. bicolor, H. crustuliniforme</i> and <i>S. bovinus</i> than vitamins. Temperature was the factor exerting the strongest effect on the growth of <i>P. tinctorius</i>.

The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on pine seedlings

The effect of ecomycorrhizal fungi (<i>Hebelon crustuliniforme</i>(Bull.: Fr.) Quél. 5392 and <i> Pisolithus tinctorius</i> (Pers.) Coker et Couch 5335) and bacteria (<i>Bacillus polymyxa</i> and <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>). associated with mycorrhizas on the growth of pine seedligs was investigated. In addition the influence of bacteria on fungal biomass production and the relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and fungi pathogenic to root of pine seedlings were determined. In general, the shoot/root ratio was higher in plants inoculated with <i>Hebeloma crustuliniforme</i> and bacteria than in the control seedlings (grown only under sterile conditions). In non-sterile substrate the root/shoot ratio of the mycorrhizal seedlings was lower as compared to the control. Similar phenomenon was noted in plants inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus <i>Pisolithus tinetorius</i>. The bacteria used as well as the time of introduction of these organisms into the cultures of mycorrhiza fungi affected the production of fungal biomass. <i>Hebeloma crustuliniforme</i> and <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> inhibited the growth of <i>Rizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> fungi pathogenic to pine seedlings.

Effect of heavy metals on enzymes production by Hebeloma crustuliniforme

Studies were carried out in order to dętermine the effect of some heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn) on the production of enzymes (cellulases, peetinases. proteases) by ectomycorrhizal fungus <i>Hebeloma crusliliniforme</i> (Buli.: Fr.) Quél. All the heavy metals inhibited the general enzymatic activity regardless of the source of carbon used. The metals reduced the egzocellulolytic activity more in media with cellulose powder than with CMC (carboxymethylocellulosc). Among pectolytic enzymes heavy metals most strongly inhibited polygalacturonase (PG). The heavy metals did not harmful affect the activity of pectate lyase (PGL). Proteolytic activity of <i>Hebeloma crustuliniforme</i> was leasi affected by zinc (Zn). The degree of inhibition of enzymes by heavy metals can be presented in the following order Pb < Zn < Cd <Cu.