Evaluating the suitability of supra-POpeak verification trials after ramp-incremental exercise to confirm the attainment of maximum O2 uptake

During exhaustive ramp-incremental cycling tests, the incidence of O2 uptake (V̇o2) plateaus is low. To verify the attainment of maximum V̇o2 (V̇o2max), it is recommended that a trial at a power output (PO) corresponding to 110% of the ramp-derived peak (POpeak) is performed. It remains unclear whether verification trials set at this PO can be tolerated for long enough to allow attainment of V̇o2max. Eleven recreationally trained individuals performed five ramp tests of varying slope (5, 10, 15, 25, and 30 W/min), each followed, in series, by two verification trials: the first at 110% POpeak of the 25 W/min ramp and the second at 110% POpeak attained in the preceding ramp test. Exercise duration of the first verification trial was on average 81 ± 15 s (CV = 9 ± 3%) versus 162 ± 32, 121 ± 24, 103 ± 15, and 73 ± 10 s for the second verification trials at 110% of POpeak of the 5, 10, 15, and 30 W/min ramp tests, respectively ( P < 0.05). Compared with the highest V̇o2 recorded during ramp tests, V̇o2 from the subsequent verification trials was not different for the 5, 10, and 15 W/min ramp tests ( P > 0.05) but was lower for the 25 and 30 W/min ramp tests ( P < 0.05). Verification trials at 110% POpeak of rapidly incrementing ramp tests (i.e., 25 W/min) were not sustained for long enough to allow the attainment of V̇o2max. With commonly used rapidly incrementing ramp tests engendering exhaustion within 8–12 min, verification trials less than POpeak should be preferred as they can be sustained sufficiently long to allow the attainment of V̇o2max.

PROGRAM PASSING GRADE C++ BERBASIS KODE BLOCKS PADA PERHITUNGAN NILAI AMBANG BATAS KELULUSAN TES CPNS

Test for civil servant candidates (CPNS) have become paradigm for governments to recruit employes who work in various installations within the government. In 2018, the government also held a civil servant recruitment test test again. In talking issue the threshold value or passing grade on the decision usually the government passes the basic competency test (TKD). From the calculation of passing grade that fulfills the number of percentages, the CPNS test said to have passed the test. The CPNS test it self is held thoroughly to all region of Indonesia so it is only natural that the number of CPNS test participants who make so much data processing becomes completed. Not to mention the calculation of the passing grade of each participant. The passing grade algoritm uses the codeblocks based C++ langue in calculating the passing therhold value of the CPNS 2018 test so that in calculating the passing grade of each participant it self become more time efficient and guaranteed. In addition the passing grade algoritm program uses the evectivenees of the calculation result. The ceit langue based on codeblocks in calculating this there threshold value can be a reference in conducting CPNS test exercise to find out about self-forgivenes

Thailand

The Thai banking system shows a substantial resilience to severe shocks. The solvency stress tests indicate that the largest banks can withstand an adverse scenario broadly as severe as the Asian financial crisis. While three banks would deplete their capital conservation buffer (CCB) under the adverse scenario, recapitalization needs would be minimal. A battery of complementary sensitivity stress tests, which allows to cover in more detail certain risk factors, also confirmed the overall picture of a resilient baking system: no particular vulnerability emerged from the analysis of the bond portfolio to an increase in government and corporate spreads, exposure to foreign exchange risk, and concentration risk in the loan portfolio, with the possible exception of one entity with a particular concentration on single-name exposures. From a systemic risk perspective, certain risk concentrations can act as shock amplifiers in case of stress, and hence highlight the importance of improving and expanding the range of analytical tools to detect them. The BoT’s solvency stress test exercise, conducted independently based on the same macro scenarios, showed very similar results despite some fundamental differences of approach, providing a mutual check on the overall robustness of the results.

The Clinical Use of Nonimaging Exercise Stress Testing

Exercise stress testing is an exceptionally useful cardiovascular test providing a wealth of information that can be used in patient management. It can be used in the diagnosis and/or management of chest pain, hypertension, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Non-imaging exercise stress testing not only helps evaluate the etiology of clinical symptoms but also provides an opportunity to evaluate ECG changes with exercise, total exercise capacity, heart rate response or chronotropic index, blood pressure response, heart rate recovery, and to make estimates of the risk of coronary artery disease using tools such as the Duke Treadmill Score. These parameters, individually and collectively, provide valuable information on the likelihood of disease and an individual’s prognosis. In addition, exercise testing is inexpensive, quick and widely available compared to imaging studies. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 68 references. Keywords: blood pressure response, chronotropic incompetence, coronary artery disease, Duke Treadmill Score, exercise physiology metabolic equivalents (METs), exercise stress test, exercise treadmill test, exercise-induced hypertension, heart rate recovery, maximal exercise capacity, ST-segment deviation

The Clinical Use of Nonimaging Exercise Stress Testing

Exercise stress testing is an exceptionally useful cardiovascular test providing a wealth of information that can be used in patient management. It can be used in the diagnosis and/or management of chest pain, hypertension, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Non-imaging exercise stress testing not only helps evaluate the etiology of clinical symptoms but also provides an opportunity to evaluate ECG changes with exercise, total exercise capacity, heart rate response or chronotropic index, blood pressure response, heart rate recovery, and to make estimates of the risk of coronary artery disease using tools such as the Duke Treadmill Score. These parameters, individually and collectively, provide valuable information on the likelihood of disease and an individual’s prognosis. In addition, exercise testing is inexpensive, quick and widely available compared to imaging studies. This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 68 references. Keywords: blood pressure response, chronotropic incompetence, coronary artery disease, Duke Treadmill Score, exercise physiology metabolic equivalents (METs), exercise stress test, exercise treadmill test, exercise-induced hypertension, heart rate recovery, maximal exercise capacity, ST-segment deviation

Peculiarities of Fencers’ Recovery in Pre-Сompetition Period When Using Foam Roller Massage

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of foam rolling on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and the recovery of fencers’ technical and tactical qualities during a pre-competition period. Materials and methods. The study participants were male fencers (n = 12), SC “Unifeht”, aged 18.77 ± 2.55 years (6 – experimental group (EG), 6 – control group (CG)). The study lasted for two weeks of the pre-competition period. The CG fencers performed a self-myofascial release using a foam roller (BLACKROLL) for 20 minutes five times a week. The EG athletes were given partial restorative massage using a foam roller (10 + 10 minutes) five times a week. To assess the effectiveness of massage treatments, the study subjectively evaluated delayed onset muscle soreness, evaluated the impact of pain on daily life and changes in the parameters of the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to roughly estimate the causal relationship between the existing factor and the emergence of the effect. The study compared original characteristics of the groups, using Mann-Whitney tests to compare the distribution of ordinal variables, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (linked samples). A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was carried out to estimate the impact of existing factors. Results. For two weeks of using a restorative massage and myofascial release, the study observed a significant increase in the parameters of the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities and a reduction in subjective pain in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the EG athletes had a more positive subjective assessment of delayed onset muscle soreness at the time of survey than the CG members (0.2 ± 0.1 points in comparison with 1.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.05) and a more significant reduction of the impact of pain on daily life (scales of walking ability, normal work at home and outside the home, sleep, p < 0.05). At the same time, in two of the three tests that characterized the fencers’ technical and tactical qualities, the results were significantly higher in the EG (test exercise with thrust: 89.9 ± 2.8% in the CG in comparison with 98.6 ± 4.1% in the EG, and the test exercise with the coach’s occasional task: 88.2 ± 2.1% in the CG in comparison with 95.4 ± 3.8% in the EG, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Massage treatments and self-myofascial release reduce the level of delayed onset muscle soreness, improve the recovery of technical and tactical qualities of fencers and reduce the impact of pain on daily life. The study has proved that foam rolling is effective in fencers’ recovery. This massage technique is relatively accessible, simple and it greatly facilitates a massage therapist’s work.