THz spectroscopy for fundamental science and applications

Many elementary process in matter, such as the interaction of electrons, spins and phonons as well as rotational modes of molecules possess resonances frequencies in the THz spectral range (1 THz = 1012 Hz) and dynamics on (sub)-picosecond time scales. Therefore, THz spectroscopy has become an exciting technique for probing and characterizing a variety of low-energy physical phenomena [1], which makes it very attractive for a wide range of disciplines including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and medicine.

The importance of vertical buildings in perception and memorising the city

Being aware of the surrounding we live in, among other things, means establishing of spatial relationships between oneself and the environment, equally important as relationship between oneself and others. Environment consists of facilities and space. Space, „gift by itself“, is defined by terrain topography, sky horizon, plants and animals. The architecture, as a profession, is interested in space created distinctively. Perception, as elementary process of consciousness and psychological life, deals with being conscious about something. In this case, physical structures that create a city. Psychological experience of urban environment is important factor having effect on perception, memorising and orientation in urban space. Gestalt psychology of perceiving is area applying to and significant for architecture either. The importance of vertical lies in its perceiving the gravitation, forming perceiving focus, landmark, for urban units and subunits to be memorised, creating spatial hierarchy and perception logics, remembering and orientation in space. This work analyses reasons for building upright with comparative analyses in their participation in space and on human psychology. This paper’s purpose is to, using fundamental facts, show the importance of vertical buildings, not as a spatial use phenomenon, but also as significant phenomenon.