A new smart approach of an efficient energy consumption management by using a machine-learning technique

Many consumers of electric power have excesses in their electric power consumptions that exceed the permissible limit by the electrical power distribution stations, and then we proposed a validation approach that works intelligently by applying machine learning (ML) technology to teach electrical consumers how to properly consume without wasting energy expended. The validation approach is one of a large combination of intelligent processes related to energy consumption which is called the efficient energy consumption management (EECM) approaches, and it connected with the internet of things (IoT) technology to be linked to Google Firebase Cloud where a utility center used to check whether the consumption of the efficient energy is satisfied. It divides the measured data for actual power (A_p ) of the electrical model into two portions: the training portion is selected for different maximum actual powers, and the validation portion is determined based on the minimum output power consumption and then used for comparison with the actual required input power. Simulation results show the energy expenditure problem can be solved with good accuracy in energy consumption by reducing the maximum rate (A_p ) in a given time (24) hours for a single house, as well as electricity’s bill cost, is reduced.

Sensitivity of discrete symmetry metrics: implications for metric choice

Gait asymmetry is present in several pathological populations, including those with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and stroke survivors. Previous studies suggest that commonly used discrete symmetry metrics, which compare single bilateral variables, may not be equally sensitive to underlying effects of asymmetry, and the use of a metric with low sensitivity could result in unnecessarily low statistical power. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity of commonly used discrete symmetry metrics to better inform design of future studies. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the statistical power of each symmetry metric at a range of asymmetry magnitudes, group/condition variabilities, and sample sizes. Power was estimated by repeated comparison of simulated symmetric and asymmetric data with a paired t-test, where the proportion of significant results is equivalent to the power. Simulation results confirmed that not all common discrete symmetry metrics are equally sensitive to reference effects of asymmetry. Multiple symmetry metrics exhibit equivalent sensitivities, but the most sensitive discrete symmetry metric in all cases is a bilateral difference (e.g. left - right). A ratio (e.g. left/right) has poor sensitivity when group/condition variability is not small, but a log-transformation produces increased sensitivity. Additionally, two metrics which included an absolute value in their definitions showed increased sensitivity when the absolute value was removed. Future studies should consider metric sensitivity when designing analyses to reduce the possibility of underpowered research.

A Modified Grid-Connected Inverter Topology for Power Oscillation Suppression under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Faults

Under unbalanced grid voltage faults, the output power oscillation of a grid-connected inverter is an urgent problem to be solved. In the traditional topology of inverters, it is impossible to eliminate power oscillation and simultaneously maintain balanced output current waveform. In this paper, considering the solvability of reference current matrix equation, the inherent mechanism of inverter output power oscillation is analyzed, and a modified topology with auxiliary modules inserted in series between the inverter output filter and the point of common coupling (PCC) is proposed. Due to the extra controllable freedoms provided by auxiliary modules, the inverter could generate extra voltage to correct PCC voltage while keeping balance of output current, so as to eliminate the oscillation of output power. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.

Cooperative beamforming for a double-IRS-assisted wireless communication system

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as an innovative and disruptive solution to boost the spectral and energy efficiency and enlarge the coverage of wireless communication systems. However, the existing literature on IRS mainly concentrates on wireless communication systems assisted by single or multiple distributed IRSs, which are not always effective. In view of this issue, this paper considers a special double-IRS-assisted wireless communication system, where IRS1 and IRS2 are deployed near the base station (BS) and the user, respectively, and the transmitted signals reach the user via the cascaded BS-IRS1-IRS2-user channel only. We cooperatively optimize transmit and passive beamforming on the two IRSs based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to maximize the received signal power. Simulation indicates that despite no direct line-of-sight (LoS) path from the BS to the user, an excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is available at the receiver with the aid of two IRSs, which demonstrates that it is feasible to assist communication by double reflection links composed of two IRSs. Additionally, we unexpectedly find that when the positions of the two IRSs are fixed, by exchanging the positions of the BS and the user, the obtainable SNRs are similar.

Rate Maximization Using Cooperative Ratio Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

Cooperative Diversity transmission, a newly upcoming field in the area of wireless communication, has been receiving great attention. This diversity transmission exploits the spatial diversity created by antenna sharing to improve the performance of a wireless network. The working of a cooperative diversity system is such that a source node communicates with a destination node with the help of another partner node. One important question usually raised regarding the operation of this system is that of the amount of power allocation among partnering nodes. Initial stages of research in this area had assumed equal distribution of power resources between the nodes. This approach has been proven as clearly suboptimal. Several works to allocate power optimally are coming up. In this project, optimal power allocation is used as a key approach to analyze the rate performance of the system. This is done with the help of a parameter called cooperative ratio which is the ratio of the power used for cooperative transmission to total power. Simulation results to support the analysis have also been provided.

Rate Maximization Using Cooperative Ratio Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

Cooperative Diversity transmission, a newly upcoming field in the area of wireless communication, has been receiving great attention. This diversity transmission exploits the spatial diversity created by antenna sharing to improve the performance of a wireless network. The working of a cooperative diversity system is such that a source node communicates with a destination node with the help of another partner node. One important question usually raised regarding the operation of this system is that of the amount of power allocation among partnering nodes. Initial stages of research in this area had assumed equal distribution of power resources between the nodes. This approach has been proven as clearly suboptimal. Several works to allocate power optimally are coming up. In this project, optimal power allocation is used as a key approach to analyze the rate performance of the system. This is done with the help of a parameter called cooperative ratio which is the ratio of the power used for cooperative transmission to total power. Simulation results to support the analysis have also been provided.