The Proprium of Property Law

Classical property law is not only losing economic relevance with the progressing dephysicalization of economic processes but is also increasingly perceived as a static field of private law, pursued by specialized lawyers working with rather inaccessible national concepts and dogmas that seem to have no significant relevance for the development of a digital economy. The mostly codification-driven comparative research on property law continues in the tradition of national property law codifications primarily addressing tangible objects. The research on property law should not restrict itself to this rather pragmatic approach, because in the end this arbitrarily delimits the concept of property law and reinforces the impression of classical property law only dealing with tangibles. Comparative property law should look beyond issues of codification and address the question of what is the essence of property law. Property law deals with the erga omnes effects of rights. It therefore not only addresses full-fledged property rights over movables or immovables but also covers partially absolute rights over these assets on the threshold to contract law. Property law also addresses absolute rights with regard to intangibles. This awareness should on one hand demand from any discussion on creating new (partially) absolute property rights to take notice of the state of the art of current (comparative) property law. It should on the other hand incite classical property lawyers to take part in these debates and to question the traditional concepts and principles in light of the new developments. Classical institutions of property law should be reconsidered from this point of view.

Comprehensive Overview on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

Zinc oxide is technologically important and ZnO thin layers are widely used in sensors, transducers and catalysts designing. However, after the introduction of nanoscience and nanotechnology the gear has been shifted to its smaller counterpart in contrast to its bulk one. In this review typical synthesis procedure, growth process, classical property, and a few biological perspectives of zinc oxide nanostructures have been highlighted. In coming years new synthetic strategy, benign fabrication will be introduced with plethora of versatile and beneficial applications based on zinc oxide nanostructures.

Neutrosophic Quadruple Vector Spaces and Their Properties

In this paper authors for the first time introduce the concept of Neutrosophic Quadruple (NQ) vector spaces and Neutrosophic Quadruple linear algebras and study their properties. Most of the properties of vector spaces are true in case of Neutrosophic Quadruple vector spaces. Two vital observations are, all quadruple vector spaces are of dimension four, be it defined over the field of reals R or the field of complex numbers C or the finite field of characteristic p, Z p ; p a prime. Secondly all of them are distinct and none of them satisfy the classical property of finite dimensional vector spaces. So this problem is proposed as a conjecture in the final section.

Generalized coherent states for a generalization of the harmonic oscillator

Generalized coherent states for a family of iso-spectral oscillator Hamiltonian are constructed from a suitable choice of the step operators of the harmonic oscillator. We investigate the non-classical property of these coherent states.

QUANTUM INFORMATION, ENTANGLEMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS

We present several physical applications that were generated in the framework of quantum information science. We emphasize the crucial role played, in this approach, by a group of unitary transformations, the generalized Pauli or Heisenberg–Weyl group, and by a non-classical property, called entanglement, which appears to be a basic ingredient in Quantum Information Theory. We sketch the links between entanglement and non-locality, and discuss an analogy between entanglement and (human) relationships.