conflict between tradition and modernity in Amitav Ghosh’s ‘The Shadow lines’

The novel presents a variety of characters, each has his own journey. Since the novel puts forth the time of partition (Indo- Bangladesh) and time after it, characters can be seen with traits which are both traditional and modern. It is due to their upbringing and values that their mind has certain inclinations. Because of her traditional values Thamma shows repulsion towards Ila and Tridib. The later ones on the other hand has their own personal set of beliefs to live their lives. Such disparity in thoughts gives a hint of clashes between them in many parts of the novel. However, even the traditional characters carry a spirit of freedom and modernity within them. Also modern characters have an urge to cling to their roots too.

Feminist concern of Girish Karnad Novel: Nagamandala

This present paper attempts to critically analyse the selected novel of Girish Karnad _Nagamandala. Girish Karnad, as a dramatist, is free from any such feminist tags and like Shashi Deshpande, an Indian woman novelist, treats ‘woman as a woman’ and as ‘a human being’. As a male feminist, he has treated the feminist issues like child marriage, loveless marriage, exploitation of wife in the hands of husband, double standards of society and law operating against her in the society etc. It also expresses the hollowness and injustice of patriarchal society. He insists that it is not patriarchy but matriarchy which is essential for society. Thus, the refined sensibilities of woman like love, sex, compassion and tolerance make her unsurpassable in the society. The pride of woman also finds a space in his play Naga Mandala.

Comprehensive Overview on Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

Zinc oxide is technologically important and ZnO thin layers are widely used in sensors, transducers and catalysts designing. However, after the introduction of nanoscience and nanotechnology the gear has been shifted to its smaller counterpart in contrast to its bulk one. In this review typical synthesis procedure, growth process, classical property, and a few biological perspectives of zinc oxide nanostructures have been highlighted. In coming years new synthetic strategy, benign fabrication will be introduced with plethora of versatile and beneficial applications based on zinc oxide nanostructures.

Roots of Truants of Girl Students in Government Primary Schools of Rajasthan (A Case Study of District Kota)

The core aims of the present research study were to study the factors affecting the educational development of the girl students and the scale of absentees of girls at primary level in the Government schools of District Kota, Rajasthan. This research was based on both primary and secondary data. The interview schedules were constructed for collecting data. The primary data was collected from teachers, parents, out of schoolgirls, administrators and focus groups. The secondary data was collected from government agencies, civil society organizations, existing research studies, newspapers, magazines and reports. The data was collected through random sampling method. Here some of the major reasons of girls’ absenteeism at primary school level in rural areas of Kota: 1. Unfavourable attitude of parents. 2. Involvement of girl children in domestic activities. 3. Poverty of parents. 4. Gender discrimination. 5. Early marriage and pregnancy. 6. Violence against girls in schools. 7. Funding. 8. Child-domestic labour. 9. Lack of government schools. 10. Lack of encouragement.

Perception Of People About Effects Of Atal Tunnel At Rohtang On The Life Of Tribal People In Lahaul Area In The State Of Himachal Pradesh- India

The word ‘tribe’ has different connotations for different branches of social sciences. Western anthropologists and sociologists take the term to denote a “primary aggregate of peoples living in a primitive or barbarous condition under a headman or chief”. Indian Constitution assigned special status to the schedule tribes, traditionally referred to as adivasi, vanavasi, tribes or tribals. The Tribal People of Lahaul have been experiencing geographical isolation as the area remain inaccessible for more than six months from the month of November to April every year due to closing of Rohtang Pass the only way to the area. Having difficult geographic environment i.e. mountainous and rugged terrain, extreme cold and dry agro climatic conditions, non- industrialization and limited basic infrastructure facilities at village level Lahaul tribal area of Himachal Pradesh. However, after opening the Atal Tunnel at Rohtang a new era of development, accessibility and connectivity started in this area. The present Paper is to study the perception of these tribal people about effect of Atal tunnel in Lahaul Tribal area. A questionnaire has been prepared and questions related to the effect of opening the tunnel on their Social, Cultural, economic life, opportunities, Challenges and tribal identity has been asked and recoded for analysis. For this purpose the study area has been divided into five physiographic units for sampling at village level. These micro physiographic units are demarcated by ridge line of mountains, drainage network and tehsils boundaries. Considering the geographic spread the purposive random sampling technique will be used for collecting the primary data. In total, 39 sample villages and about 585 households which constitute approximately 15% of total population surveyed for the present study.

Teachers mindset during COVID-19

*; ** *; ** Teacher’s mindset is an important aspect in terms of teaching and learning. The teacher’s efficiency and effectiveness depends a lot on their mindset towards profession, students, environment etc. The pandemic has affected the teacher’s mindset, their emotional status, education of students and newly blooming buds of our nation. Instead it hitted the entire sector badly. The use of digital platforms, social media apps are helpful but had its own disadvantages for unprofessional users and students as they got diverted from their main motive. So, progressive mindset is very important to develop during pandemic. During COVID excessive exposer also increases the cyber issues for teachers and parents. It had been the great responsibility of teachers to convert this threat into opportunity through proper guidance. So, the article is focused to improve the teacher’s mindset for the betterment of learners and learning process.

Depiction of women in the traditional and changing dimension of Indian culture (भारतीय संस्कृति के परम्परागत एवं परिवर्तनशील आयाम में महिलाओं का चित्रण)

भारत संस्कृति में नारी को बहुत ही उत्तम स्थान प्राप्त है जबकि अन्य देशों में नारी को केवल भोग विलास की वस्तु समझा जाता है। “यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यंते रमंते तत्र देवता” अर्थात् जहाँ नारी की पूजा की जाती है वहाँ देवता निवास करते है। भारतीय संस्कृति में प्राचीनकाल से लेकर आधुनिक काल तक महिलाओं की स्थिति परिवर्तनशील रही है। संसार की ईश्वरीय शक्ति दुर्गा, लक्ष्मी व सरस्वती आदि नारी शक्ति, धन, व ज्ञान का प्रतीक मानी जाती है। वैदिक काल भारतीय नारी के लिए स्वर्णिम काल था। ऐतिहासिक पात्रों में भी उसे वीरागंना के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया है। भारतीय समाज में महिलाओं की स्थिति समय और काल के अनुसार बदलती रही है। उत्तर वैदिक काल में महिलाओं की स्थिति में उतार चढ़ाव शुरू हो गया तथा सती प्रथा, पर्दा प्रथा इस युग में प्रारम्भ हो गई। मध्यकाल में मुगलों के आने के पश्चात महिलाओं पर अनेक प्रकार की पाबन्दिया लगा दी गयी, जिससे बाल विवाह, बेमेल विवाह, सती प्रथा अनेक कुरीतियों ने जन्म लिया जिसके कारण महिलाओं की स्थिति में परिवर्तन आया। स्वतन्त्रता के पश्चात संविधान द्वारा महिलाओं को पुरूषों के बराबर सब अधिकार मिले। नारी की प्रस्थिति व उससे जुडी विभिन्न समस्याओं को क्षेत्रीय व देशीय स्तर पर समाज सुधारको ने दूर करने का प्रयास किया है। जिससे महिलाओं की प्रस्थितियों में परिवर्तन आया तथा आज वे हर क्षेत्र में अपना वर्चस्व स्थापित कर रही है। वास्तव में नारी शक्ति ही प्रकृति का आधार और भारतीय संस्कृति की सर्वोच्च पोषक व संरक्षक है।

العقبات في طريق الأدب الإسلامي Obstacles in the Way of Islamic Literature

أما بعد فكما تعلمون ، نحن كمسلمين نعيش في حالة الغزو ماديّا و فكريا ، و اشتدت غزوة الثقافية و الفكرية عند ما أُشتهر مصطلح الأدب الإسلامي في القرن العشرين ، و دافع عن الإسلام و نظريته و عن المسلمين و مجتمعهم و تعقّب كلَّ من هو ضد التصور الإسلامي و الرافضين له ، و يحاول الرافضون أن يسيطروا عليه ، فسِهامهم متّجهة إلي هذه التجربة الإسلامية الفنية في كل زمان ، حتي من قِبل الأدباء المسلمين الذين تأثروا بحضارة غربية ، و لكنها ناجحة ضد هؤلاء إن شاء الله تعالى . و لما ذا لا يهاجموننا بعد أن أخذنا زمام معركة فكرية كما هو حقه ، لأن جانب الفكري للأدب أقوي من جانبه الفني ، كما قاله الدكتور وليد قصاب في كتابه ( المذاهب الأدبية الغربية ) .

Effect of Kinetin on Growth and Development of Microtubers of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

The present study was conducted at Central Research Potato Institute, Campus, Modipuram, India to assess the effect of kinetin on the growth and development of microtubers formation in vitro in two potato varieties Kufri Bahar and Kufri Surya. The lower concentration of kinetin (0.75 mg/l) showed decreased parameters like the number of microtubers, fresh weight of microtubers, eyes per microtuber. Higher concentration of kinetin (1.5 mg/l and 2.25 mg/l) led to increasing parameters as compared to control but decreased shoot length in both the varieties but kinetin at (2.25 mg/l) concentration gave best results for in vitro microtuberization for quality and yield parameters.

Ancient and New Playing Style of the Punjab Gharana of Tabla: A Brief Discussion

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र के अन्तर्गत तबले के पंजाब घराने में प्रचलित वादन शैली व वर्तमान में विशेष रूप से उस्ताद अल्लारखा खां जी द्वारा किये गये विभिन्न बंदिशों जैसे-पेशकार, कायदे, क्लिष्ट तिहाईया, संगत हेतु कठिन रचनाओं द्वारा विकसित नवीन वादन शैली पर प्रकाश डालने का प्रयास किया गया है। इसके अन्तर्गत पंजाब घराने की वादन शैली में किन-किन वंदिशों का समावेश था विशेष रूप से दीपचंदी अंग की बंदिशें, लमक्षण, कायदें, बढैया की गते, रेले, गते इत्यादि का संक्षिप्त विवेचन प्रस्तुत किया गया है व निष्कर्ष रूप में तबले की पंजाब घराने की प्राचीन व नवीन वादन शैली के संयोग से विकसित वादन शैली को दर्शाने का प्रयास किया गया है।