Insights into Membrane Distillation Application for Textile Wastewater Treatment – A Review

Textile wastewater must be effectively treated with the best available technology prior to release to receiving water bodies to prevent its impact on the environment. Apparently, membrane distillation shows great potential in treating textile wastewater a part of the complexity of the textile wastewater composition. This membrane process enables the water vapour to pass through its porous hydrophobic membrane and retains the concentrated pollutants to be transported. This paper provides data and information from previous studies using membrane distillation to treat textile wastewater. An overview of the development of membrane distillation as well as the fundamental theory is presented. Recent progress in the application of membrane distillation in textile wastewater is then discussed. The final part of the paper looked at the future orientation of this technology to be acceptable in the industrial sector, especially for the textile industry.

Advanced approach to the maintenance of hydraulic and turbine oils

In the growing power demands, turbine users want to feel confident that their equipment is reliable, efficient, and delivering peak performance every day. Proper care and maintenance of turbine oils is critical to avoiding disruptive and potentially costly downtime, and can help extend oil and component life. The ISO 55001 Asset Management and EN 17485 Maintenance within Physical Asset Management: “Framework for improving the value of the physical assets through their whole life cycle” provides an opportunity for companies to review and improve asset owner and service provider relationships, improve performance and utilisation of assets, reduce operational risk arising from the various stages of asset management and reduce the cost of insurance and ensure regulatory compliance. With such an approach and the use of the best available technology, turbine oil is becoming an asset. This article focuses on turbine oils quality, their degradation, additives and, varnish removal.

Nuovi approcci per lo studio delle migliori tecnologie disponibili a supporto dell'autorizzazione integrata ambientale per impianti di produzione di biometano

L’Autorizzazione Integrata Ambientale (AIA) è il provvedimento che autorizza l’esercizio di un impianto o parte di esso, in cui si svolgono attività che potrebbero causare significativi impatti ambientali. Con l’AIA le imprese possono uniformarsi ai principi di IPPC che sta per Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, individuando soluzioni tecniche, impiantistiche ed economiche, per una corretta gestione delle possibili forme di inquinamento. Per raggiungere elevati livelli di protezione dell’ambiente bisogna adottare le Migliori Tecniche Disponibili, in inglese Best Available Technology (BAT). Ad oggi in Italia non è ancora presente un metodo di studio delle migliori tecnologie disponibili, ma una diversa situazione si ha nel Regno Unito dove viene il software H1. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è individuare una metodologia di studio delle BAT per un impianto di trattamento della Frazione Organica dei Rifiuti Solidi Urbani (FORSU) e scarti ligneo-cellulosici per la produzione di biometano situato in Italia, applicando per lo stesso il software inglese.

Modeling Nickel Leaching from Abandoned Mine Tailing Deposits in Jøssingfjorden

Underwater disposal of mine tailings in lakes and seas has been considered favorable due to the geochemical stability obtained during long-term storage in anoxic sediments. Sulfides are stable in the ore; however, oxidation and transformation of some substances into more soluble forms may impact bioavailability processes and enhance the risk of toxic effects in the aquatic environment. The goal of this work was to construct a model for simulating the nickel (Ni) cycle in the water column and upper sediments and apply it to the mine tailing sea deposit in the Jøssingfjord, SouthWest Norway. A one-dimensional (1D) benthic–pelagic coupled biogeochemical model, BROM, supplemented with a Ni module specifically developed for the study was used. The model was optimized using field data collected from the fjord. The model predicted that the current high Ni concentrations in the sediment can be a potential source of Ni leaching to the water column until about 2040. The top 10 cm of sediments were classified as being of “poor” environmental state according to the Norwegian Quality Standards. A numerical experiment predicted that with complete cessation of the discharges there would be an improvement in the environmental state of sediment to “good” in about 20 years. On the other hand, doubling of discharge would lead to an increase in the Ni content in the sediment, approaching the boundary of the “very poor” environmental state. The model results demonstrated that Ni leaching from the sea deposits may be increased due to sediment reworking by bioturbation at the sediment–water interface. The model can be an instrument for analysis of different scenarios for mine tailing activities from point of view of reduction of environmental impact as a component of the best available technology.

On the Necessity for Minimizing Risk Based Technology Qualification Variability: An Application to Offshore Floating Wind Turbines

Technology qualification (TQ) has been employed to perform assessments to verify whether a new technology performs within pre-specified functional limits after an application. If a best available technology (BAT) is used in a new environment, it is considered as a new technology. The TQ is vital in the implementation of best available technology (BAT) in a new environment. Risk based technology qualification provides an optimal approach for performing TQ of a BAT when it is necessary to implement in a new environment. This manuscript first demonstrates the standard TQ process. Secondly, it presents development of a risk matrix for failure mode identification and consequence risk ranking (FMI&CRR). Thirdly, it demonstrates the use of FMI&CRR in a risk-based technology qualification process. Finally, it presents use of the risk matrix to perform TQ on moorings solutions that have been selected as a BAT for a floating wind turbine sub-system. Fuzzy inference system has been used to assess the risk rank to minimize the variability that causes due to experts’ performance variability. Illustrative risk based TQ assessment has been performed and presented. The developed risk based TQ process (TQP), fuzzy inference system supported risk rank estimation, and illustrative risk based TQ recommendation are significantly important for practitioners while performing FMI&CRR in larger scale offshore floating wind turbines’ TQ projects.