Evaluation of Injection Strategies in Supersonic Nozzle Flow

The ability to manipulate shock patterns in a supersonic nozzle flow with fluidic injection is investigated numerically using Large Eddy Simulations. Various injector configurations in the proximity of the nozzle throat are screened for numerous injection pressures. We demonstrate that fluidic injection can split the original, single shock pattern into two weaker shock patterns. For intermediate injection pressures, a permanent shock structure in the exhaust can be avoided. The nozzle flow can be manipulated beneficially to increase thrust or match the static pressure at the discharge. The shock pattern evolution of injected stream is described over various pressure ratios. We find that the penetration depth into the supersonic crossflow is deeper with subsonic injection. The tight arrangement of the injectors can provoke additional counter-rotating vortex pairs in between the injection.

Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase induced by dissipating quasisolitons

We theoretically study the sound propagation in a two-dimensional weakly interacting uniform Bose gas. Using the classical fields approximation we analyze in detail the properties of density waves generated both in a weak and strong perturbation regimes. While in the former case density excitations can be described in terms of hydrodynamic or collisionless sound, the strong disturbance of the system results in a qualitatively different response. We identify observed structures as quasisolitons and uncover their internal complexity for strong perturbation case. For this regime quasisolitons break into vortex pairs as time progresses, eventually reaching an equilibrium state. We find this state, characterized by only fluctuating in time averaged number of pairs of opposite charge vortices and by appearance of a quasi-long-range order, as the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase.

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Induced by Dissipating Quasisolitons

We theoretically study the sound propagation in a two-dimensional weakly interacting uniform Bose gas. Using the classical fields approximation we analyze in detail the properties of density waves generated both in a weak and strong perturbation regimes. While in the former case density excitations can be described in terms of hydrodynamic or collisionless sound, the strong disturbance of the system results in a qualitatively different response. Within this regime we identify observed structures as quasisolitons and uncover their internal complexity. Quasisolitons break into vortex pairs as time progresses, eventually reaching an equilibrium state. We find this state, characterized by only fluctuating in time averaged number of pairs of opposite charge vortices and by appearance of a quasi-long-range order, as the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase.

Auroral omega bands are a significant cause of large geomagnetically induced currents

<p>The strongest event of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) detected by the North-West Russian GIC network occurred during the main phase of the magnetic storm on June 28-29, 2013. Extremely high values, 120 A, were recorded in the 330 kV transformers on Kola Peninsula in the 04--07 magnetic local time (MLT) sector. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft took a sequence of ultraviolet (UV) auroral images in the southern hemisphere and observed multiple omega bands. The ionospheric equivalent electric currents based on the International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network reveal a sequence of current vortex pairs moving eastward with the speed of 0.5-2.5 km/s, that fits to the electrodynamics scheme of omega bands. Although the temporal variations of the associated current system are slow, the omega bands can be responsible for strong magnetic variations and GIC due to fast propagations of currents in the azimuthal direction.  The first steps towards the statistica study of the highest GIC recorded at Vykhodnoy transformer show that about 50% of events have properties similar to the comprehensively studied 29 June 2013 case.</p>