El Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México / The Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México

En el presente trabajo se analizará el Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, que fue confeccionado en el siglo XVI en la provincia de Tlaxcala. Este documento hasta ahora no ha sido estudiado ni analizado, por lo tanto, esto nos dará la oportunidad de plantear un orden de lectura y proponer los nombres de los señores y los topónimos que se encuentran ahí. El códice tiene algunas glosas en náhuatl y otras en español, las cuales identifican algunos nombres tanto de lugares como de los personajes representados. Tal y como se puede observar en una glosa que dice: «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), quien fuera gobernador de Tlaxcala hacia 1561-1562.Abstract: In this work we will analyze the Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, a document that was made in the 16th century in the province of Tlaxcala. This document has not been studied or analyzed so far, therefore, this will give us the opportunity to propose a reading order, and propose the names of the homeowners and place names found in the document. The codex has some glosses in Nahuatl as in Spanish, these identify some names of both places and the characters individuals represented. As can be seen in a gloss that says «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), who was governor of Tlaxcala in the years 1561-1562.Keywords: codex; Tlaxcala; Pablo de Galicia; San Damián Tlacocalpan; Tlacamecayotl.Résumé : Dans ce travail, nous analyserons le Codex de San Damián Tlacocalpan, un document qui a été réalisé au XVIe siècle dans la province de Tlaxcala. Ce document n’a pas été étudié ou analysé jusqu’à présent, par conséquent, cela nous donnera l’occasion de proposer un ordre de lecture, et de proposer les noms des personnges et les noms de lieux trouvés dans le document. Le codex a quelques gloses en nahuatl comme en espagnol, celles-ci identifient quelques noms des deux endroits et des caracteres individus représentés. Comme on peut le voir dans un gloss qui dit qu’aucun «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), qui était gouverneur de Tlaxcala dans les années 1561-1562.Mots-clés: Codex ; Tlaxcala ; Pablo de Galicia ; San Damián Tlacocalpan ; Tlacamecayotl.

A Real-Time Effective Fusion-Based Image Defogging Architecture on FPGA

Foggy weather reduces the visibility of photographed objects, causing image distortion and decreasing overall image quality. Many approaches (e.g., image restoration, image enhancement, and fusion-based methods) have been proposed to work out the problem. However, most of these defogging algorithms are facing challenges such as algorithm complexity or real-time processing requirements. To simplify the defogging process, we propose a fusional defogging algorithm on the linear transmission of gray single-channel. This method combines gray single-channel linear transform with high-boost filtering according to different proportions. To enhance the visibility of the defogging image more effectively, we convert the RGB channel into a gray-scale single channel without decreasing the defogging results. After gray-scale fusion, the data in the gray-scale domain should be linearly transmitted. With the increasing real-time requirements for clear images, we also propose an efficient real-time FPGA defogging architecture. The architecture optimizes the data path of the guided filtering to speed up the defogging speed and save area and resources. Because the pixel reading order of mean and square value calculations are identical, the shift register in the box filter after the average and the computation of the square values is separated from the box filter and put on the input terminal for sharing, saving the storage area. What’s more, using LUTs instead of the multiplier can decrease the time delays of the square value calculation module and increase efficiency. Experimental results show that the linear transmission can save 66.7% of the total time. The architecture we proposed can defog efficiently and accurately, meeting the real-time defogging requirements on 1920 × 1080 image size.

Using Video Self-Modelling to Teach Combined Vocational and Social Skills to an Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background, Aims and MethodsAdults with ASD have difficulty in learning vocational and social skills, which often translates into low employment rates. Video self-modelling (VSM) is an effective educational technique for low functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with the ability to teach challenging vocational skills as well as basic social skills. Procedures and Outcomes The present study examined the use of video self-modelling to teach these skills to a 22-year-old adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Target behaviours categories included (1) reading order forms, (2) transporting goods, and (3) engaging with customers. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the videos in teaching these target behaviours. The dependent variables were the percentage of tasks completed correctly, and quantitative prompt dependency using a least to most prompting strategy. Results and Conclusions Results showed that VSM modestly improved reading order forms and transporting goods, and moderately improved engagement with customers. ImplicationsThis intervention resulted in the successful employment of an adult with ASD in a job that he specifically desired, whilst teaching him skills he specifically struggled with. As such, VSM should be considered for others wanting to learn combined social and vocational skills.

Accuracy of abbreviated multiparametric MRI-derived protocols in predicting local staging of prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy

Background Abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI) protocols have emerged as an alternative to multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) to reduce examination time and costs. Purpose To compare multiple aMRI protocols for predicting pathological stage ≥T3 (≥pT3) prostate cancer (PCa). Material and Methods One hundred and eight men undergoing staging mpMRI before radical prostatectomy (RP) were retrospectively evaluated. 3.0-T imaging was performed with a 32-channel surface coil and a protocol including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), transverse T2-weighted (tT2W) imaging, coronal T2W (cT2W) imaging, sagittal T2W (sT2) imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. Two readers independently assessed whether any MRI observation showed stage ≥T3 on each sequence (reading order: DWI, cT2W, tT2W, sT2W, DCE). Final stage was assessed by matching readers’ assignments to pathology, and combining them into eight protocols: DWI + tT2W, DWI + cT2W + tT2W, DWI + tT2W + sT2W, DWI + cT2W + tT2W + sT2W, DWI + tT2W + DCE, DWI + cT2W + tT2W + DCE, DWI + tT2W + sT2W + DCE, and mpMRI. Diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader agreement for aMRI protocols were calculated. Results Prevalence of ≥pT3 PCa was 31.5%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of aMRI protocols were comparable to mpMRI for R1. Sensitivity was 74.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64.8–72.0) to 77.1% (95% CI 67.9–84.4), and NPV 86.8% (95% CI 78.6–92.3) to 88.1% (95% CI 80.1–93.3). All accuracy measures of the various aMRI protocols were similar to mpMRI also for R2, albeit all slightly lower compared to R1. On a per-protocol basis, there was substantial inter-reader agreement in predicting stage ≥pT3 (k 0.63–0.67). Conclusion When comparing the diagnostic accuracy of multiple aMRI protocols against mpMRI for predicting stage ≥pT3 PCa, the protocol with the fewest sequences (DWI + tT2W) is apparently equivalent to standard mpMRI.

Solving Sequential Text Classification as Board-Game Playing

Sequential Text Classification (STC) aims to classify a sequence of text fragments (e.g., words in a sentence or sentences in a document) into a sequence of labels. In addition to the intra-fragment text contents, considering the inter-fragment context dependencies is also important for STC. Previous sequence labeling approaches largely generate a sequence of labels in left-to-right reading order. However, the need for context information in making decisions varies across different fragments and is not strictly organized in a left-to-right order. Therefore, it is appealing to label the fragments that need less consideration of context information first before labeling the fragments that need more. In this paper, we propose a novel model that labels a sequence of fragments in jumping order. Specifically, we devise a dedicated board-game to develop a correspondence between solving STC and board-game playing. By defining proper game rules and devising a game state evaluator in which context clues are injected, at each round, each player is effectively pushed to find the optimal move without position restrictions via considering the current game state, which corresponds to producing a label for an unlabeled fragment jumpily with the consideration of the contexts clues. The final game-end state is viewed as the optimal label sequence. Extensive results on three representative datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with statistical significance.