What Drives the Reading Order of Programmers?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Peitek ◽  
Janet Siegmund ◽  
Sven Apel
Keyword(s):  
Reading Order

EFFECTS OF LANGUAGE AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE LEVELS ON HYPERTEXT READING COMPREHENSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshema Jose
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Online Texts ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Better Than

<p>This study observed how two hypertext features – absence of a linear or author-specified order and availability of multiple reading aids – influence reading comprehension processes of ESL readers. Studies with native or highly proficient users of English, have suggested that readers reading hypertexts comprehend better than readers reading print texts. This was attributed to (i) presence of hyperlinks that provide access to additional information that can potentially help overcome comprehension obstacles and (ii) the absence of an author-imposed reading order that helps readers exercise cognitive flexibility. An aspect that remains largely un-researched is how well readers with low language competence comprehend hypertexts. This research sought to initiate research in the area by exploring the question: Do all ESL readers comprehend a hypertext better than a print text?</p> <p>Keeping in mind the fact that a majority of readers reading online texts in English can be hindered by three types of comprehension deficits – low levels of language proficiency, non-availability of prior knowledge, or both – this study investigated how two characteristic features of hypertext, viz., linking to additional information and non-linearity in presentation of information, affect reading comprehension of ESL readers. </p> <p>Two types of texts that occur in the electronic medium – linear or pre-structured texts and non-linear or self-navigating texts, were used in this study. Based on a comparison of subjects’ comprehension outcomes and free recalls, text factors and reader factors that can influence hypertext reading comprehension of ESL readers are identified. </p> Contradictory to what many researchers believe, results indicate that self-navigating hypertexts might not promote deep comprehension in all ESL readers.

Using Video Self-Modelling to Teach Combined Vocational and Social Skills to an Adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Parsons ◽  
Fiore D'Aprano ◽  
Matthew Hughes ◽  
Annie Parish ◽  
Nasia Outsikas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Vocational Skills ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Successful Employment ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract Background, Aims and MethodsAdults with ASD have difficulty in learning vocational and social skills, which often translates into low employment rates. Video self-modelling (VSM) is an effective educational technique for low functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with the ability to teach challenging vocational skills as well as basic social skills. Procedures and Outcomes The present study examined the use of video self-modelling to teach these skills to a 22-year-old adult with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Target behaviours categories included (1) reading order forms, (2) transporting goods, and (3) engaging with customers. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the videos in teaching these target behaviours. The dependent variables were the percentage of tasks completed correctly, and quantitative prompt dependency using a least to most prompting strategy. Results and Conclusions Results showed that VSM modestly improved reading order forms and transporting goods, and moderately improved engagement with customers. ImplicationsThis intervention resulted in the successful employment of an adult with ASD in a job that he specifically desired, whilst teaching him skills he specifically struggled with. As such, VSM should be considered for others wanting to learn combined social and vocational skills.

THE READING ORDER OF PLATO'S DIALOGUES

Phoenix ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18-51
Author(s):  
William H. F. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Reading Order

scholarly journals El Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México / The Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México

Revista Trace ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Raúl Macuil Martínez
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Made In

En el presente trabajo se analizará el Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, que fue confeccionado en el siglo XVI en la provincia de Tlaxcala. Este documento hasta ahora no ha sido estudiado ni analizado, por lo tanto, esto nos dará la oportunidad de plantear un orden de lectura y proponer los nombres de los señores y los topónimos que se encuentran ahí. El códice tiene algunas glosas en náhuatl y otras en español, las cuales identifican algunos nombres tanto de lugares como de los personajes representados. Tal y como se puede observar en una glosa que dice: «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), quien fuera gobernador de Tlaxcala hacia 1561-1562.Abstract: In this work we will analyze the Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, a document that was made in the 16th century in the province of Tlaxcala. This document has not been studied or analyzed so far, therefore, this will give us the opportunity to propose a reading order, and propose the names of the homeowners and place names found in the document. The codex has some glosses in Nahuatl as in Spanish, these identify some names of both places and the characters individuals represented. As can be seen in a gloss that says «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), who was governor of Tlaxcala in the years 1561-1562.Keywords: codex; Tlaxcala; Pablo de Galicia; San Damián Tlacocalpan; Tlacamecayotl.Résumé : Dans ce travail, nous analyserons le Codex de San Damián Tlacocalpan, un document qui a été réalisé au XVIe  siècle dans la province de Tlaxcala. Ce document n’a pas été étudié ou analysé jusqu’à présent, par conséquent, cela nous donnera l’occasion de proposer un ordre de lecture, et de proposer les noms des personnges et les noms de lieux trouvés dans le document. Le codex a quelques gloses en nahuatl comme en espagnol, celles-ci identifient quelques noms des deux endroits et des caracteres individus représentés. Comme on peut le voir dans un gloss qui dit qu’aucun «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), qui était gouverneur de Tlaxcala dans les années 1561-1562.Mots-clés: Codex ; Tlaxcala ; Pablo de Galicia ; San Damián Tlacocalpan ; Tlacamecayotl.

scholarly journals Solving Sequential Text Classification as Board-Game Playing

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8640-8648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Qian ◽  
Fuli Feng ◽  
Lijie Wen ◽  
Zhenpeng Chen ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Text Classification ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Game Playing ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Game State ◽  
Right Order ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Label Sequence

Sequential Text Classification (STC) aims to classify a sequence of text fragments (e.g., words in a sentence or sentences in a document) into a sequence of labels. In addition to the intra-fragment text contents, considering the inter-fragment context dependencies is also important for STC. Previous sequence labeling approaches largely generate a sequence of labels in left-to-right reading order. However, the need for context information in making decisions varies across different fragments and is not strictly organized in a left-to-right order. Therefore, it is appealing to label the fragments that need less consideration of context information first before labeling the fragments that need more. In this paper, we propose a novel model that labels a sequence of fragments in jumping order. Specifically, we devise a dedicated board-game to develop a correspondence between solving STC and board-game playing. By defining proper game rules and devising a game state evaluator in which context clues are injected, at each round, each player is effectively pushed to find the optimal move without position restrictions via considering the current game state, which corresponds to producing a label for an unlabeled fragment jumpily with the consideration of the contexts clues. The final game-end state is viewed as the optimal label sequence. Extensive results on three representative datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods with statistical significance.

scholarly journals Novel Bead-Based Epitope Assay is a sensitive and reliable tool for profiling epitope-specific antibody repertoire in food allergy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Suprun ◽  
Robert Getts ◽  
Rohit Raghunathan ◽  
Galina Grishina ◽  
Marc Witmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Peptide Microarrays ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIdentification of allergenic IgE epitopes is instrumental for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods in food allergy. In this work, we present the quantification and validation of a Bead-Based Epitope Assay (BBEA) that through multiplexing of epitopes and multiple sample processing enables completion of large experiments in a short period of time, using minimal quantities of patients’ blood. Peptides that are uniquely coupled to beads are incubated with serum or plasma samples, and after a secondary fluorophore-labeled antibody is added, the level of fluorescence is quantified with a Luminex reader. The signal is then normalized and converted to epitope-specific antibody binding values. We show that the effect of technical artifacts, i.e. well position or reading order, is minimal; and batch effects - different individual microplate runs - can be easily estimated and eliminated from the data. Epitope-specific antibody binding quantified with BBEA is highly reliable, reproducible and has greater sensitivity of epitope detection compared to peptide microarrays. IgE directed at allergenic epitopes is a sensitive biomarker of food allergy and can be used to predict allergy severity and phenotypes; and quantification of the relationship between epitope-specific IgE and IgG4 can further improve our understanding of the immune mechanisms behind allergic sensitization.

Reading Order in Discord: Guicciardini's Ricordi

Italica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Olivia Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Reading Order
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