This chapter explains how denigration of all Irish people by apocalyptic authors, and the conquest that it legitimized, proved traumatic for all Irish people whether at home or in exile. Annalists despaired of the future but Irish authors from Gaelic and English ancestries who had found refuge in Catholic Europe took inspiration from Catholic histories they encountered there to compose histories in Latin, Irish, and English defending Ireland’s reputation, and arguing from history that foreign powers should sustain Ireland and Catholicism. Divisions emerged between authors, notably Philip O’Sullivan Beare, who advocated renewed warfare, and those, notably David Rothe and Geoffrey Keating, who wrote conciliatory narratives. These argued from history that Catholics of both ancestries in Ireland had been bonded by religion into a single nation, and that Catholics who still prevailed in Ireland should owe allegiance to the British monarchy.