External Hazard Coinciding With Small Break LOCA—Thermohydraulic Calculation With System Code ATHLET

The safety behaviors of a nuclear power plant (NPP) after an external hazard-initiated event, as well as after a small break (SB) loss of coolant accident (LOCA), are already well known as part of the analyses made for standard license application. The coincidence of both events leads to a beyond-design basis consideration. Such a combination of both event categories is investigated by means of the thermohydraulic system code ATHLET. The scenario assumes an external event with a LOCA caused by induced vibrations on a small pipe attached to the primary circuit, although all pipes are designed to withstand the loads created by such an external event. Furthermore, in the context of both robustness and enveloping analyses, both a loss of offsite power (LOOP) and an unavailability of the emergency diesel power supply are postulated. The NPP in the scenario considered only has access to the passive accumulators and to systems supplied via the safeguard emergency diesel engines (second quartet of emergency diesel engines), which are housed in the bunkered emergency feed building. The dedicated type of external event itself is not in focus, but rather the thermohydraulic behavior of the NPP is considered. Apart from the model's assumptions, the accident sequence is explained in detail. The remaining systems for emergency core cooling are capable of handling the LOCA under such demanding boundary conditions. Long-term cooling can be ensured. Furthermore, heat removal out of the core is always sufficient. Eventually, all safety protection objectives have been complied for this beyond-design basis scenario.

Development of software for the thermohydraulic analysis of air coolers

Air coolers consume much more energy compared to other heat exchangers due to the large fan power required. This is an additional reason to establish reliable methods for the rational design and thermohydraulic analysis of these devices. The optimal values of the outlet temperature and air flow rate are of particular importance. The paper presents a methodology for the thermohydraulic calculation of air cooler performances, which is incorporated in the "Air Cooler" software module. The module covers two options: cooling and/or condensation of process fluids by ambient air. The calculated results can be given in various ways ie. in the tabular and graphical form.