A simplified method for calculating spectral emission of nonequilibrium air plasmas in hypersonic shock-layers

A simplified method for calculating the spectral emission of nonequilibrium air plasmas is developed. In order to obtain the nonequilibrium energy level populations, the nonequilibrium coefficients are introduced into the Saha-Boltzmann equation. These nonequilibrium coefficients are calculated by using several significant radiative processes. An approach to the determination of nonequilibrium electronic energy level populations of diatomic molecules is also presented. Based on the method, spectral emission of atoms and molecules in a typical air plasma cell is investigated. The results reveal that there is a significant difference between the nonequilibrium and equilibrium emission. We apply the method to the nonequilibrium AVCO R-156 experiment. Good agreement with the NEQAIR code and the measured data is shown, indicating that the method is reasonable and has good accuracy.

A Simplified Method for Calculating Spectral Emission of Nonequilibrium Air Plasmas in Hypersonic Shock-Layers

A simplified method for calculating the spectral emission of nonequilibrium air plasmas is developed. In order to obtain the nonequilibrium energy level populations, the nonequilibrium coefficients are introduced into the Saha-Boltzmann equation. These nonequilibrium coefficients are calculated by using several significant radiative processes. An approach to the determination of nonequilibrium electronic energy level populations of diatomic molecules is also presented. Based on the method, spectral emission of atoms and molecules in a typical air plasma cell is investigated. The results reveal that there is a significant difference between the nonequilibrium and equilibrium emission. We apply the method to the nonequilibrium AVCO R-156 experiment. Good agreement with the measured data is shown, indicating that the method is reasonable and has good accuracy.

Tuning the electronic energy level of covalent organic frameworks for crafting high-rate Na-ion battery anode

Lowering the LUMO levels of an anodic COF through the incorporation of N-rich modules favors electron accumulation on it, which sets up an electronic drive for the Na+ ions to enter the anode from the electrolyte. The optimal framework⋯Na+ interactions delivers excellent rate-performance.

Carbon nitride nested tubes with graphene as a dual electron mediator in Z-scheme photocatalytic deoxynivalenol degradation

Schematic illustration of the electronic energy level structure and mechanism in the photocatalytic reaction of Z-scheme CNTZG systems under light irradiation.

A solid reaction towards in situ hybridization of carbon dots and conjugated polymers for enhanced light absorption and conversion

The incorporation of carbon dots into poly(diphenylbutadiyne) nanostructures induces the change of the electronic energy level structure and enhances photocatalytic performances.

Energy level alignment at semiconductor–water interfaces from atomistic and continuum solvation models

Efficient electronic energy level alignment at solid–liquid interfaces with continuum solvation models.

Carrier Dynamics in Skutterudites

Ultrafast spectroscopy was used to measure the transient reflectance signal of skutterudites excited by femtosecond laser. By utilizing optical parametric amplifier (OPA), probe laser with various wavelengths was generated to detect the dynamics of varying electronic energy level, which provides information about the electronic band structure. The wavelength dependence of the relaxation process is discussed.