EDIBLEEGGQUALITYWHENIODINEISINTRODUCEDINTOLAYINGHENBODY

The Altai Region along with the regions of the Siberian Federal District belongs to the zone with trace element deficiency including iodine deficiency. The research goal was to study the effect of iodine on edible egg quality of laying hens of the Rodonit cross. At the final stage of egg-laying, 4 groups of 4 laying hens were formed. No iodine was administered to the hens of the 1st control group. Starch-based iodine product was administered to the birds of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups into the lower third of the neck, under the wing and into the rump area in a dose of 1.5 mg per head. The egg production intensity in the trial groups was higher by 21.3-28.8%. Egg weight in the 1st control group was 65.6 ± 1.33g which was lower than that in the trial groups by 4.4% (2nd group); 3.7% (3rd group) and 1.5% 4th group). All eggs belonged to “select” grade. The 3rd and 4th trial groups had less egg white by 3.8 and 2.7%; the egg-yolk content increases in the eggs of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups by 1.2%, 9.4% and 2.4%, respectively, and the eggshell weight by 1.2-9.4% as com-pared to the control. The ratio of egg white and egg-yolk weight in the eggs of the trial groups was lower than in the control group by 9.38-19.29%, but the ratio of egg-yolk to egg white was by 10.4-23.9% higher. The following indices were higher in the trial groups as compared to the control: egg white index -by 1.4-17.1%; egg-yolk -by 3.2-6.4%; Haugh unit -by 7.2-11.1%; eggshell thickness -by 3.9-8.3%. The best results were obtained with the administra-tion of iodine to the hens in the region of the lower third of the neck. The enrichment of the body of laying hens of the Rodonit cross with iodine makes it possible to obtain the profitability of edible egg production at the level of 28.6-41.0%.

Macro-Elements and Trace Elements in Cereal Grains Cultivated in Latvia

Cereal-based foods have great importance in the compensation of micro- and trace element deficiency, because 50% of the foods produced worldwide are made up of cereal grains. The aim of the research was to determine the concentration of macro-elements and trace elements in different cereals cultivated in Latvia. Various cereals were used in the research: rye (n = 45), barley (n = 54), spring wheat (n = 27), winter wheat (n = 53), triticale (n = 45) and oats (n = 42). Thirteen macro- and trace elements (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al, Cu, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca) were determined in cereal grain samples (n = 266). Macro-elements and trace elements varied significantly (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). The highest concentrations of macro- and trace elements were found in oats and the lowest in rye. The obtained data will expand the opportunity for food and nutrition scientists to evaluate content of the examined elements in grain products, and dietary consumption (bioavailability) of the examined macro-elements and trace elements.

Micronutrients and minerals

• Vitamin deficiency 58• Mineral deficiency 61• Trace element deficiency 62• Vitamin supplementation for infants and young children 64The term ‘micronutrients’ includes two main classes of nutrient substances required in the diet in very small amounts: the essential organic micronutrients (vitamins) and the essential inorganic micronutrients (trace elements). Vitamin and mineral deficiencies may complicate malnutrition arising from underlying disease or inadequate diet. Key features are given below. However, micronutrients have wide-ranging effects, far beyond the simple prevention of deficiency states....