Assessing the macro and micro elements of the Akbarieh World Heritage Garden using participant observer method in a continuous/stop-motion

PurposeThis study aims to assess each of the seven segments of the Akbarieh Garden as the World Heritage Cultural Landscape. First, we wanted to identify the macro elements that dominated one's perception within each area. Then, we wanted to identify the micro elements that support the vista in its entirety.Design/methodology/approachTo acquire data, we used a Participant Observer (PO) method as part of a Continuous/Stop-Motion (CSM) procedure. The identification of macro elements came from retrospective recollections derived from the continuous walk method—the stop-walk method allowed for the identification of micro elements. The data gained from this method is then used to understand how one interprets and responds to large—multi-segmented sites such as the Akbarieh Garden.FindingsThe results of this study show the Continuous/Stop-Motion method yielded predictable results with macro elements and elements of interest being easily recalled. However, the use of photographing for the stop-walk method revealed a similar focus on the macro element. We had hypothesized that the micro elements would be the elements of fascination and discovered when the person remained in the area to photograph scenes of interest. However, the PO photographed the macro elements. It wasn't until the post photo analysis that the PO identified some of the micro elements would be the elements of fascination and discovered when the person remained in the area to photograph scenes of interest. However, the PO photographed the macro elements. It wasn't until the post photo analysis that the PO identified some of the micro elements. The post photo discoveries suggest that real-time experience of micro elements is undervalued.Originality/valueThere is no general discussion on this topic yet amongst professionals. The initiative of the Participant Observer (PO) method as a tool for perception the historic gardens and landscapes identified that gap and its related necessity to provide guidance. As is true for exploratory studies, these results provide a foundation for further study. The use of the Continuous/Stop-Motion method was ideal for this study.

STUDY OF THE TOTAL CONTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS, POLYSACCHARIDES, ELEMENT COMPOSITION AND AMINO ACIDS OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL OF RIBES NIGRUM L.

This paper presents information on the total content of antioxidants, polysaccharides, micro and macro elements and amino acids of Ribes nigrum L. leaves. The purpose of this work is to study the chemical composition of Ribes nigrum L. leaves. The flavonoids were quantified spectrophotometrically, pectin substances gravimetrically, and the percentage of functional groups in pectin substances was carried out by the titrimetric method. The determination of the lipid-cholesterol blood profile of pectin substances isolated from of Ribes nigrum L. leaves was performed on 30 rats. The procedure for introducing solutions of the studied pectin substances and cholesterol solution were separated by a 2-hour interval. The total content of antioxidants was determined by amperometric method. The maximum content of antioxidants was revealed in the extraction of Ribes nigrum L. leaves, obtained by extraction with ethyl alcohol 50%. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances from of Ribes nigrum L. leaves is 2.17±0.06 and 9.91±0.28, respectively. The studied pectin substances belong to the group of low esterified pectins. The use of pectin substances from of Ribes nigrum L. leaves contributed to the correction of dyslipidemia. The sum of flavonoids in the analyzed object is 0.67±0.01%. The extraction of Ribes nigrum L. leaves obtained by extraction with purified water revealed aspartic and glutamic acids, alanine, proline, methionine and valine. Based on the data obtained, potassium predominates in the extraction from currants obtained by extraction with ethyl alcohol 70%. During the study, flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, micro and macro elements of Ribes nigrum L. leaves were studied.

The Effect of Activator Addition to the Compost with Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) Method

The composition of organic waste reaches 59% of the total municipal solid waste in Indonesia. One way to process organic waste is composting by utilizing microorganisms to break down waste into compost. Naturally, the composting process took a long time but can be accelerated by adding microorganisms to the activator. This study analyzes the quality and quantity of compost using the Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) method with activator addition. Composting was duplicated in the yard area with clay soil type and water infiltration rate of 0,3 cm/hour. The BIH was made in a 10 cm diameter, a 100 cm depth, and the distance between the holes was 50 cm. Composting variations consist of variations in the composition of the raw materials and the activators' uses. Variations in the raw material composition consisted of 100% yard waste, 100% food waste, 50% yard waste and 50% food waste, and 70% food waste and 30% yard waste. In contrast, the activator variations consisted of no activator, EM4 activator, and Stardec activator. Compost analysis consists of maturity, quality of physical and macro elements, and quantity of compost. The results showed that all variations of composting had met the standard of maturity and quality of physical and macro elements according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The addition of activator affected composting time and compost quantity. The composting time in BIH with activator ranges from 41-60 days. In BIH without activator ranges from 65-75 days, there was a reduction in composting time by 15-25 days with the activator addition. However, the activator addition caused reducing the compost quantity by 10-20%. The selection of compost variations by scoring results in compost with a composition of 50% yard waste and 50% food waste and the addition of Stardec activators was the best variation in terms of compost maturity, quality, and quantity.

Macro and Trace Elements in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivated in Greece: Risk Assessment of Toxic Elements

The accumulation of hazardous contaminants in Cannabis sativa L. raises warning signs regarding possible adverse effects on human health due to the consumption of herbal medicines and/or other herbal edible products made from cannabis. Thus, there is an urge to investigate the levels of hazardous contaminants, such as heavy metals, in cannabis plant. In the present study, 29 macro and trace elements, including both beneficial and toxic elements (heavy metals and metalloids), were investigated in 90 samples of Cannabis sativa L. collected from Greece. According to the results, the detected concentrations of macro elements in the leaves/flowers of cannabis ranged between 28 and 138,378 ppm, and of trace elements between 0.002 and 1352.904 ppm. Although the concentrations of elements varied among the samples, their accumulation pattern was found to be similar, with the contribution of toxic elements to the total concentration of trace elements being below 1%. The detected levels of the most toxic elements were below the prescribed limits established by the WHO, while the calculated THQ and CR values showed no risk (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) for the population exposed to the current cannabis samples. Positive correlation between the concentration of elements and cannabis geographical origin and variety was observed. Cannabis leaves/flowers were more contaminated with trace and macro elements than seeds.

Chemical Evolution of Solutions from Beans Soaking and Cooking Processes: Case Study of Phaseolus vulgaris L

The present paper aims to highlight the physicochemical evolution of solutions from soaking and beans cooking processes. For that purpose, solutions from soaking were produced by putting in contact 2kg of sorted and quickly washed beans seed with 8kg of water with known physicochemical characteristics. Concerning the solutions from cooked beans, they were produced by putting on fire the pot containing the water mixture from soaking and bean seeds. The beans were a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris L.,known as “Meringue”. The cooking process was done without salts. The samples of solutions were collected as follows: 30 and 60 minutes respectively after the start of the soaking, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the beginning of the cooking process of the beans soaked for 60 minutes. After each sampling, the cooking solution was brought back to the gauge line using the water prepared for the cooking process. Solutions obtained from beans soaking and cooking gradually enriched in mineral salts, particularly major macro-elements (N and K), minor macro-elements (Ca, S, Mg) and oligo-elements compared to the situation noticed in the water used for the cooking process. Concerning the third main macro-element, notably the phosphorous, it is present in low amounts. The pH and the electric conductivity (EC) of the solutions increase with the duration of soaking and cooking processes. The amounts start their weak increasing thirty minutes after the beginning of the soaking, and continue their shy increasing up to the end of the sixtieth minute of the soaking. With the opening of the cooking process, the increase becomes abrupt. The correlation between all the parameters are globally positive. But the study of the clouds of dots reveals the impact of the temperature as the major responsible for the behavior of some of those elements despite the positive correlations established. The Pearson index in the correlations including sodium is the lowest.

How Does Restorative Justice Work? A Qualitative Metasynthesis

A systematic effort to answer in what ways and contexts the claims of restorative justice (RJ) prove persuasive is lacking. We address this gap through a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Drawing on 26 studies identified through the systematic literature search, we identified three overarching themes to understand “how RJ works”: (1) opportunities for humanization, learning, and putting emotions of victims and individuals who committed a crime at the center of conflict-solving, (2) support networks and mechanisms for communication, and (3) life-changing journey enshrined in healing. We develop a line of argument showing how the micro-, meso-, and macro-elements of RJ interact with each other. While offering reflections on the limitations of existing literature around this key issue, we conclude with implications for advancing research of RJ.