TRACE-ELEMENT DEFICIENCY DISEASES OF PLANTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 58-105
Author(s):  
Walter Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

1.1 The Physiological and Pathological Basis of Trace Element Deficiency Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Deficiency Disease ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Farm Livestock

No reliable statistics are available from which to assess the economic losses caused annually in the UK or elsewhere by trace element deficiency diseases in farm livestock. However, data such as those provided by the Veterinary Investigation Diagnosis Analysis Service or by annual FAO/WHO Reports on Animal Health clearly indicate that, in many instances, the circumstances leading to the development of trace element deficiency diseases are neither effectively recognized nor anticipated.

4.2 Parenteral Methods of Trace Element Supplementation

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
W. M. Allen ◽  
P. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Parenteral Route ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

Dietary manipulations or other oral treatments are, in many cases, the most efficient solution to the problem of trace element deficiency diseases in farm animals. Such approaches are particularly effective against chronic primary deficiencies where there is simply not enough of the required element in the diet to satisfy the animal's needs.In some situations, however, notably severe and acute deficiencies, parenteral injections of a supplement provide the best methods of restoring normal mineral concentrations in the deficient animal's tissues. Parenteral supplements are also particularly effective against many secondary deficiences in which factors in the diet convert apparently adequate dietary concentrations of the required element into an unavailable form: their effectiveness arises because absorption from the alimentary canal is bypassed. Injectable trace element supplements have also proved particularly useful for short term supplementation during periods when there is a great demand for the element, for instance during pregnancy. One further advantage of the parenteral route of supplementation is that a known amount of the element is introduced into the animal's system.

Some outstanding problems in the detection of trace element deficiency diseases

1981 ◽  
Vol 294 (1071) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Rate Limiting

Knowledge of the functional roles of many essential trace elements has grown rapidly. Despite this, it is rarely possible to relate this information to observed pathological consequences of deficiency. Few studies of the effect of deficiency upon enzyme activity have attempted to determine whether such changes influence substrate-product relations and thus may have pathological significance. Evidence that the differing susceptibility of tissues to deficiency may reflect metabolic activity or the lifespan of cells and their organelles is considered. The need is growing for more effective biochemical diagnostic techniques for the early detection of covert pathological changes in trace element deficient subjects. Progress towards satisfying this need will reflect the future availability of information from which to predict the nature of rate-limiting metabolic defects in sensitive populations of cells.

Trace Element Deficiency and Cot Deaths

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Raie ◽  
H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Toxic Trace Elements ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency

The level of 10 trace elements (As, Br, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn) in infant tissues (5 cot deaths, 4 other causes) are presented. These levels are compared with the normal adult levels for the same area or with the levels presented in the literature. The concentrations of 5 trace elements (As, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se) in human milk and 4 brands of artificial milks are also given and the intake of these trace elements from human and artificial milk for infants up to the age of 6 months is calculated. It is concluded that some artificial milks contain less of some essential trace elements (e.g. Cu and Se) and are richer in toxic trace elements (e.g. Hg and As). The suggestion of deficiency of the reported trace elements as a cause of cot deaths is rejected.

Iron loading and secondary multi-trace element deficiency in a dairy herd fed silage grass grown on land fertilized with sewage sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 36978-36984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Miranda ◽  
Luisa Méndez ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Marta López-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency

Trace Element Deficiency: Metabolic and Physiologic Consequences

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-541
Author(s):  
R. H. T. EDWARDS ◽  
M. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency

Micronutrients and minerals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Infants And Young Children

• Vitamin deficiency 58• Mineral deficiency 61• Trace element deficiency 62• Vitamin supplementation for infants and young children 64The term ‘micronutrients’ includes two main classes of nutrient substances required in the diet in very small amounts: the essential organic micronutrients (vitamins) and the essential inorganic micronutrients (trace elements). Vitamin and mineral deficiencies may complicate malnutrition arising from underlying disease or inadequate diet. Key features are given below. However, micronutrients have wide-ranging effects, far beyond the simple prevention of deficiency states....

4.3 Oral Treatment of Trace Element Deficiencies in Ruminant Livestock

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Trace Element Deficiency ◽  
Ruminant Livestock

Oral treatment of trace element deficiencies of livestock has a long although not always distinguished history. It has generally been the method first employed following the discovery of a trace element deficiency. Thus, Robert Fraser (1794) used oral dosing with soil to counteract the effects of cobalt (Co) deficiency in sheep; Hunter, Eden and Green (1945) dosed ewes with copper (Cu) for the control of swayback; McLean, Thomson and Claxton (1959) obtained significant growth responses following selenium (Se) supplementation of unthrifty lambs and Dynna and Havre (1963) used oral dosing with zinc (Zn) as part of the treatment of cattle suffering from a combined Zn-Cu deficiency in Northern Norway.

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