Synthesis, spectroscopic and thermogravimetric interpretations of UO2(II), ZrO(II), Zr(IV), VO(II) and V(V) ciprofloxacin antibiotic drug complexes

New five ciprofloxacin (CIP) complexes of dioxouranium(II), oxozirconium(II), zirconium(IV), oxovanadium(II) and vanadium(IV) in the proportion 1:2 have been prepared using CIP as a drug chelate with UO2(NO3)2. 6H2O, ZrOCl2. 8H2O, ZrCl4, VOSO4. xH2O and V2O5 respectively. The CIP complexes have been characterized based on the elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic, (FTIR & 1HNMR) spectral and thermal studies. The molar conductance studies of the synthesized complexes in DMSO solvent with concentration of 10–3 M indicate their non-electrolytic properties. At room temperature, the magnetic moment measurements revealed a diamagnetic behavior for all CIP prepared complexes. The different formulas of the new complexes can be represented as [UO2(CIP)2(NO3)2] (I), [VO(CIP)2(SO4)(H2O)] (II), [V2(O)(O2)2(CIP)2] (III), [Zr(O)(CIP)2(Cl)2] (IV), and [Zr(CIP)2(Cl)4] (V). The thermal analysis data of the complexes indicates the absence of coordinated water molecules except for vanadyl(II) complex (II). The CIP chelate is a uni-dentate ligand coordinated to the mentioned metal ion through terminal piperazinyl nitrogen. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation confirms the nano-structured form of the complexes.

Production of Electricity and Improved Conversion Efficiency By Using Ionic Liquid in Photogalvanic Cell

Surfactant were widely applied in photogalvanic cells (PGC), and a limited number of studies have reported to used ionic liquid (IL), although it has more advantages than the conventional surfactants due to their specific chemical and physical properties such as the high electrolytic properties, the strong hydrophobic interactions between Cnmim+ and hydrophobic portion of other surfactant and co-surfactant behavior. In this work, Synthesis of IL Diethyl ammonium tetrachloro ferrate (DATF) was done through two step method. The composition of the produced IL was investigated by FTIR and 1HNMR spectra techniques. IL was known as a salt in the liquid state or a salt with melting point below the boiling point of water. PGC can be described as an electrochemical cell, where the change in both voltage and current results from photochemically generated changes in the proportional concentrations of the reactants during the oxidation-reduction reaction in the cell. The present study has shown electrical cell performance of the PGC as PPP 96.2μW, iSC 370 μA, VOC 650 mV, η 1.9 %, and t0.5 105 minutes, for PGC system containing Tris (2,2'-bipyrdyl) Ruthenium (II) chloride hexahydrate (TBRC) as photosensitize, Oxalic acid (OX) as reductant and (DATF) as IL under artificial and low illumination intensities, this system not yet reported in the literature. The study of variation of the different cell parameters has shown optimum cell performance at an optimal value of these cell fabrication parameters, and a preliminary mechanism for the production of energy in PGC was also proposed.

Physical and Electrolytic Properties of Dialkoxyethanes

Dialkoxyethanes show high relative permittivities and low viscosities as compared to the corresponding linear carbonates. I describe the physical and electrolytic properties of 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE) and its derivatives: monofluorinated, trifluorinated, and tetrafluorinated DEEs (EFEE, ETFEE, and FETFEE, respectively). The relative permittivity and viscosity of EFEE and FETFEE were higher than those of DEE. The kinematic viscosity of ETFEE was as low as that of DEE above 323 K. The conductivities of 1 mol dm−3 LiPF6 solutions in EFEE and FETFEE were higher than that in ETFEE.

MOLECULAR MODELING, CONDUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS, AND UV-VIS SPECTERS OF ASCORBIC ACID FOR FORMATION OF COMPLEX CHEMICAL SYSTEMS

Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, is a weak acid and natural antioxidant that plays essential biological roles in the participation of collagen formation and the absorption of iron by the body. The objective of this work was to verify, through molecular modeling, partial loads and evaluation of PRM reactivity parameters, that it presents favorable electronic densities in stereochemically located positions, for the formation of metallic salts, associated with supposed complex systems. Its electrolytic properties showed a type 1: 1 behavior in freshly prepared aqueous millimolar solution. This is in agreement with the values of pH, Ka1 and Ka2 respectively, evaluated for an equilibrium situation through the program RAÍZES 1.0, developed by the authors. Thermal decomposition starts around 180-190oC and continues until reaching a temperature of 570.3 °C, in which a small experimental percentage of waste has been associated with the presence of reduced carbon. The absorption spectrum in the infrared region identified the main transitions attributed to C = O, C = C, OH, present in their functional groups. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed an intense band that occurs between 207 - 312 nm, with maximum absorption peak, Amax = 3,6123 at 249, and 250 nm. This band presents itself in the region where the n → π*, n → σ* and π → π* transitions occur associated with the chromophore groups. The strength of the oscillator f is comparable to those presented by chromophore groups that have intense molecular transitions, in which some types of molecules are used as dyes and other analogs used as sensitizers in solar photocells or devices emitting electromagnetic radiation.

Controlled allylation of polyelectrolytes: a deep insight into chemical aspects and their applicability as building blocks for robust multilayer coatings

Polyelectrolytes (PEs) bearing easily derivatizable functions for possible post-modification under mild conditions can find a broad range of applications in various fields. The present paper describes the successful controlled side-chain allylation of two types of PEs: polyamine-based polycations, i.e. poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), and strong polyanions, i.e. poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS). PSS has been largely investigated in the literature, while PVS is much less commonly explored. The allylation of each type presents its own drawback, i.e. heterogeneous reaction in the case of strong polyanions and instability of partially protonated allylated polyamine products. Nevertheless, all encountered difficulties could be solved and thoroughly elucidated by different experimental tests. This partial allyl-functionalization does not affect the electrolytic properties of the newly allylated PEs, as evidenced by the effective construction of two series of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films, namely PEI-ene (PSS-ene/PAH-ene)4 and PEI-ene (PVS-ene/PAH-ene)4, the latter being one of the rare examples developed in the literature. The presence of allyl groups on the PE side-chains allows for the stabilization of the resulting PEM films via thiol-ene photo-crosslinking in the presence of a water-soluble dithiol crosslinker. In order to fix permanently the resulting crosslinked PEM films on substrates, the covalent crosslinking occurs not only between different C=C bonds on PE layers but also with those present on substrates preliminarily functionalized with allyl groups via sulfur–gold chemistry. The robustness of both resulting crosslinked PEM films under strongly basic solution (pH 14) is validated by Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) measurements. The versatility and effectiveness of the present approach is expected to find potential applications in different scientific and technological fields.

Specifically Designed Ionic Liquids—Formulations, Physicochemical Properties, and Electrochemical Double Layer Storage Behavior

Two key features—non-volatility and non-flammability—make ionic liquids (ILs) very attractive for use as electrolyte solvents in advanced energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries. Since most ILs possess high viscosity and are less prone to dissolving common electrolytic salts when compared to traditional electrolytic solvents, they must be formulated with low viscosity thinner solvents to achieve desired ionic conductivity and dissolution of electrolyte salts in excess of 0.5 M concentration. In the past few years, our research group has synthesized several specifically designed ILs (mono-cationic, di-cationic, and zwitterionic) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and dicyanamide (DCA) as counter anions. This article describes several electrolyte formulations to achieve superior electrolytic properties. The performance of a few representative IL-based electrolytes in supercapacitor coin cells is presented.