Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Silico Prediction of Novel Sinomenine Derivatives

Sinomenine is a morphinan alkaloid with a variety of biological activities. Its derivatives have shown significant cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines in many studies. In this study, two series of sinomenine derivatives were designed and synthesized by modifying the active positions C1 and C4 on the A ring of sinomenine. Twenty-three compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS). They were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines, MCF-7, Hela, HepG2, SW480 and A549, and a normal cell line, Hek293, using MTT and CCK8 methods. The chlorine-containing compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity compared to the nucleus structure of sinomenine. Furthermore, we searched for cancer-related core targets and verified their interaction with derivatives through molecular docking. The chlorine-containing compounds 5g, 5i, 5j, 6a, 6d, 6e, and 6g exhibited the best against four core targets AKT1, EGFR, HARS and KARS. The molecular docking results were consistent with the cytotoxic results. Overall, results indicate that chlorine-containing derivatives might be a promising lead for the development of new anticancer agents.

The Discovery and History of Animal and Human Physiology

This study discusses Nucleus, history of the discovery of the cell nucleus Structure and parts of the cell nucleus. All of them is the phisiology of animal and human. The cell nucleus (nucleus) can be defined as an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Nucleoplasm The nucleoplasm is the liquid that is in the nucleus which is thick and transparent. The cell nucleus has many genes from DNA which are arranged and form structures called chromosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum consists of tubules, vesicles and flattened pockets that occupy the cytoplasmic space. The endoplasmic reticulum is a part of the cell that consists of a membrane system, which has a structure that resembles a multi-layered sac. These sacs are called cisternae.

Red nucleus structure and function: from anatomy to clinical neurosciences

The red nucleus (RN) is a large subcortical structure located in the ventral midbrain. Although it originated as a primitive relay between the cerebellum and the spinal cord, during its phylogenesis the RN shows a progressive segregation between a magnocellular part, involved in the rubrospinal system, and a parvocellular part, involved in the olivocerebellar system. Despite exhibiting distinct evolutionary trajectories, these two regions are strictly tied together and play a prominent role in motor and non-motor behavior in different animal species. However, little is known about their function in the human brain. This lack of knowledge may have been conditioned both by the notable differences between human and non-human RN and by inherent difficulties in studying this structure directly in the human brain, leading to a general decrease of interest in the last decades. In the present review, we identify the crucial issues in the current knowledge and summarize the results of several decades of research about the RN, ranging from animal models to human diseases. Connecting the dots between morphology, experimental physiology and neuroimaging, we try to draw a comprehensive overview on RN functional anatomy and bridge the gap between basic and translational research.

Novel pyrazolo pyrazoly heterocyclic in the synthesis of positive solvatochromic cyanine dyes

Novel cyanine dyes monomethine, bismonomethine and trimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized from 5-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-2-ium as a nucleus. Structure confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, mass and visible was determined. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the newly synthesized cyanine dyes were investigated in 95% ethanol solution. Solvatochromism for the newly prepared cyanine dyes were performed in pure solvents having different polarities.

Model of multiple Dirac eikonal scattering of protons by nuclei

The model of multiple Dirac eikonal scattering (MDES) of incident proton by target-nucleus nucleons is developed, in which new expressions for the elastic [Formula: see text]-scattering amplitudes are obtained from the multiple scattering Watson series with employing the eikonal approximation for the Dirac propagators of the free proton motion between successive scattering acts on nucleons. Based on this model, calculations for the complete set of observables of the elastic [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]Pb at 800[Formula: see text]MeV have been performed, using proton–nucleon amplitudes determined from the phase analysis and the nucleon densities obtained from describing the target-nucleus structure in the relativistic mean-field approximation. A comparison has been made of the results of these calculations with analogous calculations on the basis of the Glauber multiple diffraction theory.

A new species, Navicula lothargeitleri sp. nov., within the Navicula cryptocephala complex (Bacillariophyceae)

Recently published phylogenetic analyses of 52 strains of Navicula cryptocephala-like diatoms confirmed the existence of genetically distinct lineages within N. cryptocephala: clade I “RBG” and clade II “Lubnaig”. Using geometric morphometry, we compared strains of both clades with the lectotype and found that clade I represents N. cryptocephala sensu stricto, while clade II constitutes a different taxon, for which we establish a new species, Navicula lothargeitleri sp. nov. Both species can be distinguished by their interphase nucleus structure. Slight differences in valve morphology are described and discussed.