Clear Night Sky Polarization Patterns Under the Super Blue Blood Moon

Investigating celestial polarization patterns in the case of different environments is important for exploring the atmospheric radiative transfer mechanism. Although intensive studies on clear sky, foggy sky, and even total solar eclipse sky have been conducted, the polarization distribution generated by the moonlight has not been well investigated. This study analyzes celestial polarization patterns generated by the Super Blue Blood Moon (SBBM) through several comparative studies. The polarization patterns under the SBBM are collected, analyzed, and compared with both those generated by the ideal single-scattering Rayleigh model and those in the normal sky. From the analysis of the relative variation of the celestial polarization characteristics including the Degree of Polarization (DoP) and Angle of Polarization (AoP), the changes of the extremum, frequency, symmetric line, and neutral points are discussed. As a result, SBBM polarization patterns change at the beginning of the partial eclipse, and the neutral points vary from traditional neutral points. The value of DoP gradually decreases as the obscuration ratio of the Moon increases. The AoP is no longer symmetrical about the celestial meridian. As a conclusion, it is suggested that the variation of the polarized skylight during the SBBM should be considered in atmospheric model calculation for nocturnal biological activity and navigation information computation.

Network analysis of lymphocyte nucleus staining image —Data mining of lymphocyte image

Background: A complex network has been studied and applied in various disciplines. As network analysis and image processing are based on matrices, this research analysed the changes in the chromatin image of lymphocyte nuclei in peripheral blood of humans using a network motif and static features (static parameters), so as to complete image classification with network method.Methods: Image processing technology was used to establish a chromatin image network of a cell nucleus; Network analysis tool Pajek was used to display the special motif of an isolated structural hole with different symmetric line values; afterwards, the frequency of occurrence of this structural hole in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and AIDS, and healthy people was computed. Then by applying the network static features as variables, the chromatin images of stained lymphocytes from the three groups of people were classified and recognised by using an extreme learning machine (ELM).Results: The frequency of occurrence of the isolated structural hole with different symmetric line values was adopted to distinguish the structures of the chromatins of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and AIDS, and healthy people. Similarly, The static features of the chromatin image network of a cell nucleus were applied to classify and recognise the morphological and structural changes in chromatins for peripheral blood lymphocytes in the three groups of people.Conclusion: The surface chemical and physical characteristics, as well as the polymerisation link status of biomacromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein in the lymphocyte nucleus change under certain pathological conditions. The change influences the combination of small molecular staining materials and any associated biomacromolecules. Therefore, various macroscopic and microscopic changes were found in the chromatin images of the cell nucleus. The microscopic changes include the variations of the extent of staining of chromatin in the nuclei, coarseness and direction of the texture therein, the size of stained conglomerations, etc. These changes contribute to the differences in chromatin image networks among the same type of cells across the three groups. Based on this, the model can be used to classify and reorganise certain diseases. The results prove that using complex network to analyse the chromatin structure of a cell nucleus is of significance.

On the internal state of the Schwarzschild black hole

If the classical gravitational Lagrangian contains higher-derivative terms [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], then vacuum solutions of the Einstein–Hilbert theory [Formula: see text] are subject to modification at sufficiently large spacetime curvatures. Previously, we have calculated the effective energy–momentum tensor [Formula: see text] due to the quartic gravitational terms [Formula: see text] of the heterotic superstring theory in the four-dimensional background spacetime of the Schwarzschild black hole, obtaining an expression which satisfies the strong energy condition, and thereby suggests that the [Formula: see text] might not remove the central singularity. This conjecture was put forward from a different viewpoint by Horowitz and Myers, who argued that a non-singular black-hole interior resulting from the [Formula: see text] would be unstable, necessitating reappraisal of the notion of a singular interior spacetime. Here, we show that the chief features of the solution can be simulated by a Bardeen-type ansatz, assuming the spherically symmetric line element [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], which, when [Formula: see text], can explain heuristically why [Formula: see text] in the shell region [Formula: see text] of a macroscopic black hole for which [Formula: see text], while [Formula: see text] remains finite at [Formula: see text].

Portable Device for Indirect Assessment of Strength in Tension of Building Materials and Problem of Boundary Condition

A sensitive determination of mechanical properties of brittle building materials of existing buildings, requires gathering of samples by core drilling. Due to the fact, that the material samples may change their properties during transportion, it is preferred to test samples on site. Development of portable machine for Split test was therefore the first choice. The specimen is compressed with diametrically opposite symmetric line loads. The main goal of this paper is to document fine-tuning of experimental setup of the device to provide consistent and reproducible measurement. Therefore the paper concentrates on the biggest problem which is the boundary conditions of the test. For this reason, different types of contacts were studied. For boundary condition analysis was used photoelasticity. Set of experiments was performed in order to fulfill the condition of crack initiating in the middle of the specimen. Location of crack initiation was determined by the Digital Image Correlation - DIC. Various materials for contact were evaluated and it was found that the lead bar and grips with radius are best.