HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURE OF TRACTORS AND PRIME-MOVERS BY THE STATE ENTERPRISE «KHARKIV DESIGN BUREAU OF ENGINEERING NAMED AFTER A. A. MOROZOV» AND STATE ENTERPRISE «MALYSHEV PLANT» (REVIEW ARTICLE)

The review article systematizes information and studies the history of designing tractors and prime-movers at the State Enterprise «Kharkiv Design Bureau for Mechanical Engineering named after A. A. Morozov» and their manufacture by the State Enterprise «Malyshev Plant » from the origin of such production in Kharkiv to the present time. The role of Kharkiv in providing the country with special equipment is revealed. Detailed biographical information about chief designers of this technique (B. N. Voronkov, N. G. Zubarev, M. N. Shchukin, A. I. Avtomonov, M. D. Borisyuk, A. D. Motrich, M. P. Kalugin, P. I. Sagir, B. I. Kalchenko) provided, their role in the development and improvement of designs of special-purpose machines is indicated. The main technical characteristics of basic models of tractors and prime-movers are presented. The main problems in the production of these types of equipment are mentioned. The article contains information about various modifications of AT-T, their main differences and purposes are indicated. Keywords: tractor, prime-mover, SE «Kharkiv Design Bureau of Engineering Named after A. A. Morozov», SE «Malyshev Plant», National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»

EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN FUTURE SPECIALISTS-LEADERS IN THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY “KHARKIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE”

the effectiveness of involving future specialists in physical culture and sports in independent practical activities, which involves the use of interactive forms and methods of education for the use of communicative and reflective skills and determines the formation of communicative skills.

FEATURES OF ELITE AND LEADER TRAINING IN THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER ENGINEERING EDUCATION

the meaning and tasks of the professional activity of a modern engineer are revealed. The content and nature of its preparation in the system of higher education are substantiated. The need for a clear focus of this training on identifying potential leaders among students and the subsequent purposeful development of their leadership potential is shown. It is proposed to focus the rest of other students on their training as representatives of the national humanitarian and technical elite. The characteristic features of the training of the elite and leaders in the conditions of institutions of higher engineering education are analyzed. The experience of such training, accumulated at the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, is given. The importance of forming students’ innovative thinking and development of their creative abilities as a condition for the implementation of the paradigm of education 4.0 and staffing industry 4.0 is emphasized.

LAUNCHING A PRE-SESSIONAL COURSE OF ENGLISH FOR FOREIGN APPLICANTS TO NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY “KHARKIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE”: CHALLENGES AND OUTCOMES

The article discusses a strategy of development of the pre-sessional English course for foreign students of the Faculty of International education of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” (NTU “KhPI”). Challenges for foreigners studying at Ukrainian HEIs in English are analyzed. The results of the language needs analysis of foreign applicants with insufficient language background as well as EMI teachers’ estimation of the corresponding aspects of the students’ knowledge are provided. The course syllabus was designed, and, based on the two-year experience of its implementation; conclusions on specific aspects of teaching English to foreigners in the Ukrainian environment are made.

ICT in the study of foreign languages by students of technical specialties

The purpose of this article is to find out the influence of ICT on educational achievements of students of technical specialties in studying foreign languages on the example of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Sikorsky", National Polytechnic University of Ukraine "Lviv Polytechnics", National Technical University of Ukraine "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Gdańsk University of Technology, Warsaw University of Technology and University of Wrocław. Methods: abstracting, theoretical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, measurement, comparison, questionnaire description and generalization. It was found that ICT significantly influence on learning achievements of technical students in foreign languages. For foreign language skills, 95% of Ukrainian students and 98% of Polish students reported using ICTs such as electronic guides and dictionaries, multimedia technologies, project work on the Internet, electronic mail, social networks, blogs, online resources for communication and mobile applications.

The perspectives of using gold nanoparticles-based drugs in the rehabilitation of dental patients

This article studied the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of gold nanoparticles-based suspensions with a size of 5–70 nm in the rehabilitation of dental patients. This substance was synthesized at the Department of Technical Electrochemistry of the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” as an aqueous suspension. The results obtained proved a wide range of antimicrobial and antifungal effects of the gold nanoparticles-based aqueous suspension.

DEACTUALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDYING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

The article analyzes the main reasons for de-actualization of higher education in Ukraine on the example of teaching foreign languages. The authors identified four main reasons for the deactualization of higher education: a difficult socio-economic situation caused by an incompetent organization of the production forces of the Ukrainian economy, low quality of educational services, depopulation of the Ukrainian population and a decrease in the quality of the teaching staff, a permanent increase in the cost of higher education. To confirm our assumptions, we carried out an introduction of students from different parts of Ukraine who study a foreign language. We interviewed six respondents from different universities across Ukraine about the topic: V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Horlivka Institute for Foreign Languages, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyiv National Linguistic University, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” and Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Every respondent was given a name (A-F) in order to keep their anonymity. We have presented the results of the interview. Students say that problems do not always depend on universities, but personal traits of students and teachers and modern tendencies in labor market. We gave some recommendations: the curriculum must be corrected in favor of main subjects or even subjects that will make graduates more appropriate for some posts than people without degree; teaching staff must have special pedagogical degree in order to improve their pedagogical skills; universities need to employ native speakers of taught languages; universities need to elaborate such study programs that will make their graduates more attractive candidates in labor market. The main conclusion must be so: the system of higher education has to keep up with the times and change itself according to labor market, students’ beliefs and modern tendencies in science and technology.

The patent-license system of Ukraine in the second half of the XX century

The formation of the patent-licensing system of Ukraine during the second half of the XX century is investigated. It is established that the first funds of technical literature, which was necessary for patent work, were created in the departments of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the first postwar years. For example, the fund of scientific and technical literature, documentation, patents and inventions began to form in the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the USSR. It was established in 1944. But various special centers for providing information support for the development of the patent and license business were organized a somewhat later. In particular, at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR only 20 years later in 1964. Employees were making a preliminary examination of applications for inventions and expanding the funds of scientific and technical documentation, were completing foreign patent documentation from foreign countries. A network of special Patent Departments was created on the basis of the higher technical institutions. A small group for the systematization of patent information was created at the Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute in 1967. In 1971, the patent office was also established at the Odessa Polytechnic Institute. In 1974, at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute an organizational and analytical department was created, it contributed to the development of inventive activities of the Institute. The intensification of inventive search occurred in the 1980s and was aimed at improving quality, which contributed to the creation of prospective, competitive world-class developments and their introduction into industry. During this period, the vast majority of scientists took part in patent and licensing activities, a large number of patents were obtained and scientific and technical cooperation was started on a commercial basis with the conclusion of licensing agreements. A number of devices were patented in the following countries: Spain, Italy, England, Switzerland, Japan, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria and others. In the early 1990s, the situation with inventive and patent licensing activities changed. A significant reduction in the number of inventions demonstrated the general state of scientific research in the country.

TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION OF THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ″KHARKIV POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE″

The article is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Department of Electric Power Transmission of the National Technical University ″Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute″. The main stages of creation and development of the department are presented, data on outstanding specialists and scientists who took part in the creation and development of the department are given. A retrospective analysis of the main areas of research conducted by employees of the department for the entire period of its work. The main aspects of educational and methodical work of the department are considered. The current state of scientific and pedagogical work performed by the staff of the department is analysed, and the most promising areas of its development are presented.

CONNECTION BETWEEN PERSONAL PERFECTIONISM AND EFFICIENCY OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Aim. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the connection between students’ learning efficiency and different indicators of personal perfectionism. The secondary objective was to study the characteristics of students’ learning effectiveness depending on the level of perfectionism. Methods. The participants of the study were 110 students studying at the National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”. The level of personal perfectionism was measured with use of “Perfectionism” questionnaire by N.H. Haranian and A.B. Kholmohorova. The level of learning activities efficiency was measured due to expert evaluation with participation of 26 lecturers-experts. Descriptive statistics were used to report means and standard deviations of perfectionism scales and learning efficiency levels. T-test was used for finding differences in level of personal perfectionism among students with different level of learning efficiency. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for establishing correlations between level of learning efficiency and different scales of personal perfectionism. Results. The level of learning efficiency of students depends on the pace of learning, the quality of learning, the ability to generalize and synthesize new information. Positive statistically significant correlations were found between perfectionism and student learning efficiency. Conclusions. The study identified that the most vulnerable to manifestations of perfectionism is a group of students who demonstrate the highest achievement in learning. Due to the excessive expectations of others (real or fictional), they set unrealistic goals, do not feel satisfied with their achievements, do not adequately assess their capabilities.