Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pengasuh Tempat Penitipan Anak terhadap Kematian Anak yang Diasuh

Children are one of the gifts entrusted by God Almighty to every parent. They have the obligation to supervise and maintain the development of each child. Children should also be cared for properly by their parents, but it is not uncommon for children to be cared for by others through child care services. When a child is under supervision at a child care service, there is negligence by the caregiver which causes the death of the child. Based on this background, this study aimed to describe how the legal protection for children who are left in a child care center and what are the criminal sanctions for the caregivers of child care center toward child deaths. This research was conducted using the normative legal method. The results of this study showed that children who are left in a child care center get legal protection to prevent children from getting acts that threaten the child's psyche. Legal protection is specifically regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection. In addition, the criminal sanction for caregivers of child care toward the death of a child refers to article 359 of the Criminal Code with the risk of a sentence of 5 years in prison.

Urinary iodine level and its determinants in pregnant women of Shanghai, China

It is known that iodine deficiency during pregnancy can interfere with normal fetal growth and development. However, iodine levels of pregnant women in Shanghai, China, and factors that could influence its levels remain unclear. A total of 916 pregnant women were selected from the Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Minhang District in Shanghai. Morning urinary iodine (UI) and iodine content of salt from the participants' home were measured, and UI concentration was adjusted by creatinine concentrations. Serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxin, free tri-iodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were tested in the second trimester of pregnancy by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The median levels of UI in pregnant women were 156·3, 176·9 and 175·1 μg/g creatinine in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The prevalence of UI deficiency (UI < 150 μg/g creatinine) was 48·3, 34·2 and 36·2 % in the three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced the UI levels include the following: iodine content of household salt; age; occupation; multivitamin supplement with iodine; seaweed intakes. Furthermore, UI and iodine content of salt were moderately correlated (r0·406,P< 0·001). In addition, there was no significant association between UI and thyroid hormone levels. The present study showed a high prevalence of UI deficiency in pregnant women in Shanghai, especially during the first trimester of pregnancy. Both iodine content of household salt and multivitamin supplement with iodine are the main determinants of UI levels in Shanghai.