The effects of Electronic Salary Paying Voucher System on Undeserved Salary Compensation of Employees within Ghana Education Service

Ghana Education Service is believed to be the department with the highest level of undeserved compensations and other related payroll fraud. This is because the Auditor General Report (2018) noted that Ghana Education Service is the common department for the menace of Salary Grade Mismatches which included some 1,200 employees across board. This paper is born with the purpose of Assessing the Impact of the E-Salary Payment Voucher system and Payroll Headcounts/Audits in the elimination of Unauthorized Compensations in the two Kasena-Nankana Districts of Upper East Region of Ghana. Research questions for the study focused on the relationship between undeserved compensations which is the dependent variable and the independent variables include; payroll audits and the E-Salary Payment Voucher system. This study employed the fraud triangle theory as the basis for its experiment. The study also utilized the non-probability quota sampling method to select 102 users of the E-SPV system for a cross sectional survey in Ghana Education Service. Significant findings of the study include, validators or users of the E-SPV system are partly mandated to protect the public purse and hence the power to allow the prevalence of undeserved compensations is also in their hands. Recommendations emanating from the study seek to unpin that there should be an annual system audit of the Electronic Salary Payment Voucher at various management units to ensure that it reflects the true and fair view of the compensations given to staff at various cost centers in Ghana Education Service.

The plague of privatization: A futures analysis of the zombification of education

The article re-imagines the current developments of Swedish education into a possible future. Historically, education was organized and funded by the state; however, reforms towards privatization in the 1990s implemented school choice, private schools and a tax-financed voucher system with the option of turning profits on education. A new judicial decision enforced the withholding of data on private ownership and economic spending in education from the public, as transparency was deemed to damage the competitiveness of private schools. Hence, generating profits and business advantage are prioritized over public interests as the organization and provision of education is progressively shaped by privatization. These changes are what prompted us to consider ‘what if all education was privatized’? The first part of the article reviews important developments in public education towards privatization and introduces our theoretical framework. The second part draws on aspects of speculative fiction in a dystopian scenario of an imagined educational apocalypse. The scenario starts in contemporary times and ends in 2121 where the education system is dominated by a financial conglomerate called Nescience Ltd. In this technologically advanced society, artificial intelligence systems have replaced educational institutions and teachers. Expensive tuition and fees have made people indebted to Nescience while learning is transformed into the manufacturing of alienated labourers. To understand these economic transitions and the position of Nescience as a knowledge provider in the future, we use the concept of ‘zombification’ to theorize the infection of privatization in the educational sector.

Subsidized Household Services and Informal Employment: The Belgian Service Voucher Policy

Labour markets for personal and household services (PHS) are rife with informal employment. Some policies aim to combat informality in PHS with subsidized service vouchers, but their effects are poorly documented. This contribution evaluates the Belgian service vouchers (1) documenting their formalization effectiveness, and (2) accounting for the persistence of informal employment. To this end, we exploit several types of data and methods. A first analysis, based on Eurobarometer data, brings in evidence that informal PHS purchased were approximately halved under the policy introduced in 2001. Second, a discrete choice experiment shows that households prefer formal employment, including those that currently employ informally. Third, a survey in the Brussels metropolitan area shows that the persistence of informal employment lies in the relationship of informal employers with their domestic, from whom they are not willing to part. They nevertheless intend to switch to formal employment in the case of turnover. One thus expects partially delayed effects of formalization policies in general, and of the service voucher system in particular. Overall, these results are in line with Portes’ claim that informality is facilitated by strong social relationships, and by differences in price and transaction costs.

Identifying Causal Channels of Policy Reforms with Multiple Treatments and Different Types of Selection

We study the identification of channels of policy reforms with multiple treatments and different types of selection for each treatment. We disentangle reform effects into policy effects, selection effects, and time effects under the assumption of conditional independence, common trends, and an additional exclusion restriction on the non-treated. Furthermore, we show the identification of direct- and indirect policy effects after imposing additional sequential conditional independence assumptions on mediating variables. We illustrate the approach using the German reform of the allocation system of vocational training for unemployed persons. The reform changed the allocation of training from a mandatory system to a voluntary voucher system. Simultaneously, the selection criteria for participants changed, and the reform altered the composition of course types. We consider the course composition as a mediator of the policy reform. We show that the empirical evidence from previous studies reverses when considering the course composition. This has important implications for policy conclusions.

PENGEMBANGAN KONFIGURASI HOTSPOT DAN VOUCHER LOGIN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROTIK RB952ui DENGAN WEB TOP UP (STUDI KASUS : NORALONA COFFEE ROASTERY)

The current internet access needs are very high, both to find the latest information, articles and seek entertainment. There are several places that provide internet access, one of which is a coffee shop. Many coffee shops implement Wi-fi facilities as a service to attract customers. Noralona Coffee and Roastery is a coffee shop located in the city of Cirebon that provides Wi-fi facilities for its customers. Wi-fi facilities available at the coffee shop have not restricted user access to the internet. One of them uses a hotspot and the calculation of hotspot access is done using a voucher system. Hotspot with this voucher system will be configured with MikroTik. On the proxy there is a hotspot service feature, then there are additional features, namely User Manager, which is a web interface for hotspot management. Vouchers are calculated based on time. and each voucher can be used by 1 user. This study aims to produce hotspot vouchers that can be topped up through the hotspot login website to make it easier for consumers to use Wi-fi, do top ups and reduce the use of ¬ Wi-fi that is too long for each visitor. The results of this study indicate that in a time-limited and user-vouched test, users cannot log in if the voucher is being used by 1 user, and if the voucher deadline has expired, the voucher can be Top Up again and consumers can only Top Up 1x voucher in a day. Keywords : Hotspot, Voucher, User Manager, Web Top Up, Top Up Voucher

Design of an E-Voucher System for Supporting Social Welfare Using Blockchain Technology

Issuing vouchers is a means of implementing social welfare. There are some security concerns about paper-based vouchers, such as counterfeiting, reproducing, their low operating efficiency and so on. This study explores how to apply blockchain technology and cryptography to build a secure e-voucher system in order to solve various shortcomings of paper vouchers. A feasible application model is proposed that integrates blockchain technology in the context of vouchers to support the field of social welfare. In this study, we conducted an analysis to prove that the security requirements of the e-voucher system are met when applying this model. Subsequently, we used the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform and Kafka ordering services to implement the campus welfare meal voucher system. A large number of experimental data were obtained to show that the system has a satisfactory performance. In the conclusion section, we discussed the theoretical and management implications of this study, and how this study meets UN Sustainable Development Goals.