Contextualizing Malaysia’s Cybersecurity Agenda

This chapter reviews Malaysia’s approach to cybersecurity. It begins by considering the country’s economic priorities, which have been and will remain the catalyst for the government’s push into cyberspace and, consequently, the development of its cybersecurity capabilities. The chapter then examines the government’s efforts to secure those economic priorities by protecting its critical national information infrastructure. It explores the country’s nation-building agenda in cyberspace, as well as the resultant tensions between keeping the Internet free and open for robust digital innovation on the one hand and preserving political stability and security on the other. The chapter also provides a brief overview of other cybersecurity trends in Malaysia, including cybercrime and hacking. Even though Malaysia played an active and valuable role in the United Nations (UN) Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security from 2015 to 2016, the government’s emphasis on the economic benefits of cyberspace has narrowed its focus to preserving and optimizing the technical utility of the Internet in order to facilitate the digital economy.

China as a Neural-Information Megamatrix: Digital Technologies for Structuring Cognitive Ensembles of Order

In China, the strategy for the national information infrastructure development is implementing a large-scale and unparalleled project for developing artificial intelligence and its application to solving critical problems. Threats and risks of the current stage left no choice to China. The best Soviet and Russian developments of centralized planning and modeling are actively used, advanced American experience in applying neuroinformation technologies to influence society is being adopted. In fact, a neuroinformational mega-matrix is being formed, which will allow the Chinese authorities to keep the seething mass of people and organizations within a controlled circuit. Configuring cognitive communications in the socio-technical system “person — infocommunication environment — the state” allows to develop a social credit model for forming behavior vectors in large groups of the population with culling disloyal in behaviour (implemented now) and disloyal in thinking (soon to be implemented) human units of the China-community.

The “Smart” Transformation of Cities in Turkey

Smart city policies represent a process of comprehensive and multi-actor effort. Smart cities is undoubtedly a policy process that has reached maturity as Turkey has revealed a series of action plans and policy documents for many years. It can be accepted that Turkey's basic policy documents for the information society, published in 1999, starts with Turkey's National Information Infrastructure Master Plan (TUENA). The Information Society Strategy Action Plan (2015-2018), the Eleventh Development Plan (2019-2023), and the National Smart Cities Strategy Action Plan (2020-2023) are some of the recent documents. In this study, Turkey's roadmap of smart city that began with information society is analysed via policy documents. In the analysis, the concept of smart city, its components, vision, and goals were determined as the main topics. In this way, an overview of the policies followed between 1999 and 2023 will be made and the aspects that are intensely processed, incomplete or not mentioned will be tried to be revealed.

A Metamaterial Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for Lower 5G U-NII Spectrum

In this study, we have proposed a metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna for the sub-6 GHz range to operate in the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band. The Proposed Microstrip Patch Antenna (PMPA) has a U-shaped patch and an array of Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) in the ground plane. By adding a slot in the middle, the rectangular patch becomes a U-shaped one which is responsible for the enhancement of antenna bandwidth and gain. Our antenna provides a bandwidth of 392 MHz which is about 2.7 times larger compared to that of a Conventional Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA) of the same dimension. The maximum gain of our antenna is found 6.56 dB which is around 2 dB higher than that of the conventional one (4.72 dB). Due to the addition of the CSRR array in the ground plane, an improved impedance matching of 50 ohms has been achieved. The operating frequency range of the PMPA is from 5.525 to 5.917 GHz which can be used for 5G applications such as Wi-fi, Wi-Max, and IoT devices in the U-NII band.

SATELLITE SEGMENT OF NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE. APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTATION

It is proved that the satellite segment is a necessary component of the national information infrastructure. From this position, the state and development trends of satellite telecommunication systems and satellite channel organization technologies are analyzed. It is shown that there are two ways to build a satellite segment: based on the use of leased resources of satellite operators operating in the satellite communications market; based on the resources of the national satellite communications system, which still needs to be created. It is shown that satellite telecommunication systems have a steady tendency to increase the number of spacecraft, until the launch of “heavyˮ satellites with a payload of more than 70 transponders and to increase the frequency resource. The diagram of satellites location density of in orbit is given. In the case of orientation to rent the resources of active spacecraft, the criteria for their selection is indicated. The arc of the geostationary orbit, on which the satellite should be selected, is calculated. For satellites located on this arc, diagrams of equivalent isotropically radiated power values in the C and Ku bands, which they provide in Ukraine, are shown. A list of satellites that you can focus on, recommendations for selection and a list of recommended for the satellite segment is indicated. The technology standards used in payload and methods for organizing satellite communications channels is noticed. To select the parameters of the satellite segment, the results of calculations of the effectiveness of signal-code structures are provided. Approaches to creating a satellite segment of the national information infrastructure are proposed. It is shown that the orientation to the Lybid national satellite does not make sense; a new frequency-orbit resource is required. The types of platforms that can be used on a national satellite are considered.

Scientific and information work at Samara University Library: Technological solutions on the 1C: Enterprise platform

The tasks of integrated information support and university library management computerization are examined as related to the federal state standards. Current trends in e-libraries’ development and new elements of the national information infrastructure are considered. Goals, accomplishments and prospects for Samara University Library are analyzed. The issues of building an integrated digital information and education environment of the university based on the 1C: Enterprise platform are discussed.

CPW fed rectangular rings-based patch antenna with DGS for WLAN/UNII applications

The spectral congestion in existing Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands has led to the emergence of new ISM bands (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)) from 5.150 to 5.710 GHz. In this paper, a simple uniplanar, high gain, microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for existing WLAN and new UNII standards. The proposed antenna provides dualband operation by joining two rectangular rings and cutting Defected Ground Structure in the Coplanar Wave Guide (CPW) feed. The experimental and simulation results show good return loss characteristics and stable radiation pattern over the desired frequency bands ranging from 2.20 to 2.65 GHz (WLAN band) at a lower frequency and from 5.0 to 5.45 GHz (UNII-1/UNII-2 bands). The measured peak gains are 5.5 and 4.9 dBi at 2.45 GHz (WLAN band) and 5.15 GHz (UNII band), respectively.