From amino acid mixtures to peptides in liquid sulphur dioxide on early Earth

The formation of peptide bonds is one of the most important biochemical reaction steps. Without the development of structurally and catalytically active polymers, there would be no life on our planet. However, the formation of large, complex oligomer systems is prevented by the high thermodynamic barrier of peptide condensation in aqueous solution. Liquid sulphur dioxide proves to be a superior alternative for copper-catalyzed peptide condensations. Compared to water, amino acids are activated in sulphur dioxide, leading to the incorporation of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids into proteins. Strikingly, even extremely low initial reactant concentrations of only 50 mM are sufficient for extensive peptide formation, yielding up to 2.9% of dialanine in 7 days. The reactions carried out at room temperature and the successful use of the Hadean mineral covellite (CuS) as a catalyst, suggest a volcanic environment for the formation of the peptide world on early Earth.

Peptide formation as on the early Earth: from amino acid mixtures to peptides in sulphur dioxide

The formation of peptide bonds is one of the most important biochemical reaction steps. Without the development of structurally and catalytically active polymers, there would be no life on our planet. Intensive research is being conducted on possible reaction pathways for the formation of complex peptides on the early Earth. Salt-induced peptide formation (SIPF) by metal catalysis is one possible pathway for abiotic peptide synthesis. The high salt concentration supports dehydration in this process. However, the formation of large, complex oligomer systems is prevented by the high thermodynamic barrier of peptide condensation in aqueous solution. Liquid sulphur dioxide proves to be a superior alternative for copper-catalysed peptide condensation. Compared to water, the amino acids are activated in sulphur dioxide, which leads to the incorporation of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids into the resulting proteins and thus to a large variety of products. Strikingly, even extremely low initial reactant concentrations of only 50 mM are sufficient for extensive peptide formation, leading to an overall yield of 2.9% for dialanine in 7 days. The reactions carried out at room temperature and the successful use of the Hadean mineral covellite as a catalyst, suggest a volcanic environment for the formation of the peptide world on early Earth as a likely scenario.

Industrial and laboratory technologies of liquid sulphur dioxide based on sulfur and oxygen.

The article tells about the industrial unit for production of liquid sulfur dioxide based on sulfur and oxygen, which has been developed by Research Institute of Fertilizers and Insectofungicides(patent No. 2711642 dated 01/17/2020). The principal difference of the proposed industrial process is the use of technical oxygen instead of FDF and the use of a sulfur furnace and a sulfur vapor condenser combined in one housing. To determine the design parameters of equipment and to master the process, the article describes a lab unit for production of liquid sulfur dioxide, developed by and implemented at Research Instituteof Fertilizers and Insectofungicides. At the moment, the lab unit is run to adjust the operating mode.

Design Of Conical Roof Structure Of Liquid Sulphur Storage Tank

Design of Storage tank follows mainly three mechanical design of components namely (1) Roof Structure (2) Shell Design (3) Tank Foundation Bottom. This paper depicts design of conical roof structure under various loading conditions. Loading conditions are (1)Live load (2) Dead Load and (3) Thermal Load. Subjected to various constraints and releases.at last Result interpretation and future scope has been represented.

Flowery nickel–cobalt hydroxide via a solid–liquid sulphur ion grafting route and its application in hybrid supercapacitive storage

The Ni1Co2–S material fabricated via a solid–liquid route achieves high-performance supercapacitive storage.