Gratification Disorder Associated With Perineal Irritation in Young Children: Management and Short-Term Outcome

Masturbatory behaviors occur as a part of psychosexual development in young children, but if such behaviors exceed resulting in discomfort and disability, it is known as gratification disorder. Children with such genital self-stimulatory behaviors are infrequently seen and diagnosed in Asian outpatient settings, possibly due to prevalent stigma. We report the cases of 3 children of 3, 4, and 8 - year-old with the diagnosis of gratification disorder based on comprehensive history-taking, general physical examination, and neurological examination along with videotape recording of the event. Investigations such as electroencephalogram (EEG), urinary microscopic examination, and culture were also conducted in each case. Clinical history, examination, and investigations such as EEG and urinary examination were reviewed. Behavior therapy and psychoeducation were successful in alleviating the disorder and allaying parental fears of taboo in all these cases. There was significant improvement in self-genital stimulatory behavior in all 3 cases at 3 months follow-up.

An analysis of the competitive activity of skilled football players in the preparation stage for higher achievements

Тhe problem of analysis of contention activity of skilled footballers on the stage of preparation to the higher achievements has an important theoretical and methodical value for an estimation and ground of traditional approaches of construction of educational-training process and system of realization of competitions in football. On this time the far of researches is executed from the study of motive activity of footballers in the conditions of competitions, as a result of that the got is given about character and volume of actions of players both with a ball, and without him. A footballer in times of game runs into a ball on the average from 34 to 70 times, thus total time of direct contact presents an about 135-165 p. it is Set that most number one times a ball is owned by the players of middle line, least are centre-backs. Resulted the given is got with application of modern technologies (program "InStat Football"). Supervisions came true by means of computer analysis of the videotape recording of matches of championship of Ukraine from football among the commands of corresponding age categories. The structure of technical and tactical actions of skilled football players in competitive activity at the stage of preparation for higher achievements is considered. These studies have been obtained using modern technologies. Observations were made by means of computer analysis of videos of matches of the Ukrainian Football Championship. Quantitative and speed indicators and characteristics of movements of players 19-20 years in matches were evaluated. The technical and tactical actions of football players in competitive activity are analyzed. The necessity of introduction of system of gradual transition of athletes from youth football to professional is determined.

Grammar Translation Method: Current Practice In EFL Context

This paper reports the findings of a case study investigating Grammar Translation Method (GTM) through mother tongue, much-isolated words, and putting words together in grammar class to scaffold students’ learning. Mixed methods, classroom observations, field-notes and videotape recording, were employed to collect the data. The data gained, then, transcribed and classified by using code. The selected data is displayed into table and analyzed descriptively. While validating data is done by crosschecking the result of data analysis of each methods. The data is reported in regard with the result of findings and discussion to answer the research questions of this study. Findings indicate that among three types of GTM, the use of mother tongues was frequently used to give instruction.Other findings show that much-isolated words were used to introduce new vocabulary, and putting words together were used to explain topic discussion. Some changes to create effective GTM through other types of GTM was also discussed.

EFL Teacher’s Oral Questioning: Are Her Questions and Strategies Effective?

Evidence is mounting that teacher question can assist EFL students in various purposes in teaching learning process. However, teacher’s lack of knowledge about questioning taxonomy could become a failure in leading students’ learning. This study investigates questioning strategies, the taxonomy of questions-type, and their application by teacher in advanced prose class, to scaffold students’ learning. Classroom observations, field notes and videotape recording, were employed to collect the data. Findings indicate that among four types of questioning strategies, redirecting was the most frequently used to initiate students’ responses and to probe more into students’ understanding. Other findings show that low-cognitive questions were common. Of those, knowledge-based questions were the most frequently used to confirm students’ understanding of the materials they learnt, but, the higher-level questions were rarely used. It was also found that teacher employed questioning strategies ineffectively to manage the class; insufficient time responded to a complex level of questions; the number of questions created confusion. Some changes to create effective classroom questioning and a stronger connection between the level of question and the questioning strategies are discussed.

Historical Aspects of Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG), a dynamic real-time recording of electrical neocortical brain activity, began in the 1600s with the discovery of electrical phenomena and the concept of an “action current.” The galvanometer was introduced in the 1800s and the first bioelectrical observations of human brain signals were made in the 1900s. Certain EEG patterns were associated with brain disorders, increasing the clinical and scientific use of EEG. In the 1980s, technical advances allowed EEGs to be digitized and linked with videotape recording. In the 1990s, digital data storage increased and computer networking enabled remote real-time EEG reading, which made possible continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring. Manual cEEG analysis became increasingly labor-intensive, calling for methods to assist this process. In the 2000s, complex algorithms enabling quantitative EEG analyses were introduced, with a new focus on shared activity between rhythms, including phase and magnitude synchrony. The automation of spectral analysis enabled studies of spectral content.