global illumination
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2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shilin Zhu ◽  
Zexiang Xu ◽  
Tiancheng Sun ◽  
Alexandr Kuznetsov ◽  
Mark Meyer ◽  
...  

Although Monte Carlo path tracing is a simple and effective algorithm to synthesize photo-realistic images, it is often very slow to converge to noise-free results when involving complex global illumination. One of the most successful variance-reduction techniques is path guiding, which can learn better distributions for importance sampling to reduce pixel noise. However, previous methods require a large number of path samples to achieve reliable path guiding. We present a novel neural path guiding approach that can reconstruct high-quality sampling distributions for path guiding from a sparse set of samples, using an offline trained neural network. We leverage photons traced from light sources as the primary input for sampling density reconstruction, which is effective for challenging scenes with strong global illumination. To fully make use of our deep neural network, we partition the scene space into an adaptive hierarchical grid, in which we apply our network to reconstruct high-quality sampling distributions for any local region in the scene. This allows for effective path guiding for arbitrary path bounce at any location in path tracing. We demonstrate that our photon-driven neural path guiding approach can generalize to diverse testing scenes, often achieving better rendering results than previous path guiding approaches and opening up interesting future directions.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Diaz-Maue ◽  
Janna Steinebach ◽  
Claudia Richter

Much has been reported about optogenetic based cardiac arrhythmia treatment and the corresponding characterization of photostimulation parameters, but still, our capacity to interact with the underlying spatiotemporal excitation patterns relies mainly on electrical and/or pharmacological approaches. However, these well-established treatments have always been an object of somehow heated discussions. Though being acutely life-saving, they often come with potential side-effects leading to a decreased functionality of the complex cardiac system. Recent optogenetic studies showed the feasibility of the usage of photostimulation as a defibrillation method with comparatively high success rates. Although, these studies mainly concentrated on the description as well as on the comparison of single photodefibrillation approaches, such as locally focused light application and global illumination, less effort was spent on the description of excitation patterns during actual photostimulation. In this study, the authors implemented a multi-site photodefibrillation technique in combination with Multi-Lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). The technical connection of real-time heart rhythm measurements and the arrhythmia counteracting light control provides a further step toward automated arrhythmia classification, which can lead to adaptive photodefibrillation methods. In order to show the power effectiveness of the new approach, transgenic murine hearts expressing channelrhodopsin-2 ex vivo were investigated using circumferential micro-LED and ECG arrays. Thus, combining the best of two methods by giving the possibility to illuminate either locally or globally with differing pulse parameters. The optical technique presented here addresses a number of challenges of technical cardiac optogenetics and is discussed in the context of arrhythmic development during photostimulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Riwinoto Riwinoto ◽  
William Tan

Saat ini, Perkembangan teknologi sudah sangat maju. Sebagian masyarakat sudah menggunakan dan memiliki Smart Phones ataupun Mobile Phones. Salah satu aspek didalam Smart Phones adalah Game Mobile yang dapat didownload di App Store, maupun Play Store. Game Mobile memiliki kesesuaian dengan pengguna saat ini. Dalam pengembangan game mobile, salah satu yang penting adalah perfomansi yang optimum game bisa berjalan di perangkat. Penelitian merupakan penelitian awal untuk mengetahui perfomasi prototype game yang sedang dikerjakan. Analisa perfomansi mencakup komputasi rendering, scripting, phyics, animasi, garbage collection, global illumination, UI dan others.  Perfomasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan tools unity profiler  yang tersedia di unity 3D IDE.  Hasil observasi menunjukan bahwa prototype game yang sudah dikembangkan masih mempunyai perfomansi komputasi yang buruk karena FPS yang dihasilkan hanya sampai level 15-20 FPS di mana idealnya mendapatkan 60 FPS. Diperlukan riset lanjutan untuk menentukan langkah optimasi pada prototype game sebelum melangkah ke pengembangan game yang full fitur.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joseph Bennett

<p>Real-time global illumination that scales from low to high-end hardware is important for interactive applications so they can reach wider audiences. To do this, the real-time lighting algorithm used needs to have varying performance characteristics.  Sparse Radiance Probes (SRP) is a recent real-time global illumination algorithm that runs in under 5 ms per frame on a high-end Nvidia Titan X GPU. Its low per-frame timings suggest it could scale to low-end devices, but no prior work provides complete implementation details and evaluates its performance across devices with varying performance characteristics to prove this. Therefore, this thesis aims to fill this gap and determine if SRP is scalable across low to high-end devices. SRP is implemented with adjustable scaling parameters, and its performance is compared across three test devices. A low-end iPhone 7, a mid-range AMD Radeon 560 graphics card, and a high-end AMD RX Vega 56 graphics card. The implementation in this thesis ran above 60 FPS for simple scenes on the iPhone 7, and with a reasonable reduction in quality, it ran just above 30 FPS on more complex scenes like Crytek Sponza. These results show that SRP can scale to low-end devices. While the implementation in this thesis runs in real time, there are implementation optimisations that would make SRP run even faster across all the test devices without reducing quality.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joseph Bennett

<p>Real-time global illumination that scales from low to high-end hardware is important for interactive applications so they can reach wider audiences. To do this, the real-time lighting algorithm used needs to have varying performance characteristics.  Sparse Radiance Probes (SRP) is a recent real-time global illumination algorithm that runs in under 5 ms per frame on a high-end Nvidia Titan X GPU. Its low per-frame timings suggest it could scale to low-end devices, but no prior work provides complete implementation details and evaluates its performance across devices with varying performance characteristics to prove this. Therefore, this thesis aims to fill this gap and determine if SRP is scalable across low to high-end devices. SRP is implemented with adjustable scaling parameters, and its performance is compared across three test devices. A low-end iPhone 7, a mid-range AMD Radeon 560 graphics card, and a high-end AMD RX Vega 56 graphics card. The implementation in this thesis ran above 60 FPS for simple scenes on the iPhone 7, and with a reasonable reduction in quality, it ran just above 30 FPS on more complex scenes like Crytek Sponza. These results show that SRP can scale to low-end devices. While the implementation in this thesis runs in real time, there are implementation optimisations that would make SRP run even faster across all the test devices without reducing quality.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zander Majercik ◽  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Alexander Keller ◽  
Derek Nowrouzezahrai ◽  
Morgan McGuire
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Cristian Lambru ◽  
Anca Morar ◽  
Florica Moldoveanu ◽  
Victor Asavei

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
K. Doi ◽  
Y. Morimoto ◽  
R. Tsuruno
Keyword(s):  

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