Profile of Sinjai Superior Kampong Chicken (SSKC) Meat Colour Marinated with Pineapple Skin Powder

Kampong chicken is one of the local poultry that is generally raised by farmers in rural areas; the Kampong chicken farm business has great prospects, both economically and socially, because its products in the form of meat and eggs are highly nutritious food and high enough demand. The provision of pineapple skin was expected to be able to improve the quality of livestock products through enhancing the profile of SSKC meat colour that was contained in it, so it was necessary to do research on the effect of giving pineapple skin as a marinated meat ingredient for SSKC. Pineapple skin in this study was given in powder form to improve the profile of meat colour. The stages of this study carried out the process of marinating used pineapple peel powder with the specified marinating time. The samples were tested for colour profiles by measuring the brightness, redness and yellowish level of the flesh. The results showed that the colour profile was increasing with increasing levels of pineapple skin powder and marinating time. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the optimum profile of SSKC meat colour was at the level of 20% during soaking 120 minutes.

Calculation of optimum profile modification curve for gear pair based on complex potential method

The optimum profile modification curve of a gear pair is usually determined according to the fluctuation minimization of static transmission error (STE). For the calculation of STE, the potential energy method dismisses the correlative tooth deflection induced by gear body elastic coupling effects, and the finite element method requires high calculation cost. In order to simultaneously obtain high calculation accuracy and efficiency, the single tooth deflection is calculated through analytical integration about the Hertz contact pressure based on the conformal map method. The correlative tooth deflection is calculated based on the power series solution of the mixed boundary problem of an elastic annulus. Via combination of deflection compatibility and the force equilibrium condition, a contact analysis model of a spur gear pair is built. Based on the model, the STE is first calculated and compared with the finite element analysis result to verify the model rationality. Then, the optimum profile modification curve which renders constant STE is calculated. For a gear pair with the obtained modification curve, fluctuation of dynamic transmission error also decreases and the optimization effect is verified.

The active working shoot modeling profile of the centrifugal microturbine

For the small distributed power, microturbines of electric 30-500 kW capacity are used: gas piston engines, gas and steam turbines, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages. In the work, the active working blade profile is simulated for a single-stage, two-stream, centripetal microturbine, in order to determine the optimum profile design satisfying the reliability conditions and economy. The basis is a humidsteam microturbine of a horizontal electric version with a capacity of 30 kW. The initial data for software simulation were the microturbineactive stage characteristics, determined by the steam turbines calculation traditional methods.

The Same Initial Condition of the Optimum Method for All Specifications

In the previous study (AJK2015-09034 A meridian profile obtained by no restriction in optimum process), an optimum meridian profile of impeller and guidevane by no restriction was obtained. In case of no restriction, all the design parameters and specifications are variable optimum parameters. As the result, the combination of the best design parameters and specifications were selected. In optimum process, blade number, outlet impeller mid span diameter, rotational speed of impeller and specific speed were also variable optimum parameters. As the variable design parameters need to change gradually, the blade number considering as solidity is used as real number in optimum process. There are two kinds of object functions in previous case study. One object function is composed of efficiency and initiated suction specific speed. The ideal goal of efficiency is 100%. The goal of initiated suction specific speed is 1000. The best specific speed of best efficiency was 680 and 852. The other object function is composed of only efficiency. The best specific speed of best efficiency was 520 and 539. The unit of specific speed is composed of m, min−1 and m3/min. In this case study, the initial conditions of design parameters for all design specifications are born from the best one combination of optimum design parameters obtained by no restriction in the previous case study. In this method, the optimum profile for various specifications are obtained by the optimum profile of the best specific speed in condition of changing the specific speed little by little. In previous study, the suitable initial value of all design parameters for each design specifications was not able to obtain. In this case study, the two optimum meridian profiles of low and high specific speed (200 and 3000) was born from one same meridian profile obtained by no restriction in previous optimum process, that is, it become clear that all design parameters calculated by no restriction produces initial value of all design parameters for all specifications in case study of the two kind of specific speed 200 and 3000. If the ideal goal value of efficiency is 100% and the goal value of the initiated suction specific speed is 1000, the initiated suction specific speed looks like as restriction. If the ideal goal value of the initiated suction specific speed is very large value and the efficiency is not 100% but small value, the efficiency looks like as restriction. The object function contains the efficiency and suction specific speed. The coupling constant combined efficiency and suction specific speed is important constant for the object function. As the result of this case study, one of a meridian profile obtained by no restriction in optimum process was able to become the same initial condition of the optimum method for all specifications.