VoNR-IPD: A Novel Timing-Based Network Steganography for Industrial Internet

As the predominant trade secret of manufacturing enterprises, industrial data may be monitored and stolen by competitive adversaries during the transmission via open wireless link. Such information leakage will cause severe economic losses. Hence, a VoNR-IPD covert timing steganography based on 5G network is proposed in this paper, in which VoNR traffic is employed as the steganographic carrier of covert communication in Industrial Internet. Interference of network jitter noise is fully considered and the high-order statistical properties of jittered VoNR interpacket delays (IPDs) are imitated during the modulation of confidential industrial data. Thus, the generated covert VoNR IPDs can possess consistent statistical properties with the normal case in order to improve undetectability. Besides, the synchronization mechanism of steganographic embedding mode is designed to control the embedding density of industrial data flexibly. The experimental results show that our scheme can resist statistical-based detections and the network noise effectively, which outperforms the existing methods in terms of undetectability and robustness.

Methods of Data Channels Testing for the IoT Devices and Applications

This paper discusses methods for testing data channels under a functional load of traffic generated by devices and applications of the Internet of things. The research of data channels is carried out according to the following quality of service parameters: throughput, network latency, network jitter, packet loss percentage. To measure these parameters, it is proposed to use the following types of testing: stress testing, benchmark testing. A model network including devices and application of the Internet of things was developed to define functional load models. The considered methods can be used to develop sys-tems for testing data channels of the Internet of things.

Using Insider Swapping of Time Intervals to Perform Highly Invisible Network Flow Watermarking

Network flow watermarking (NFW) is an emerging flow correlation technique to deanonymize an anonymous communication system or detect stepping stones, in which a watermark is encoded into a network flow by manipulating some flow characteristics, predominantly by altering timing information. Although interval-based NFWs that employ time intervals as carrier have proven to be capable of resisting moderate network interference, they are vulnerable to some statistic-based attacks, which may expose the very existence of watermark and enable attackers to damage or remove watermark from the observed flow. In this study, using insider swapping of time intervals and an adaptive centroid quantization framework, we design a highly invisible NFW scheme, which is undetectable by multi-flow attacks (MFA), Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, and spread spectrum flow watermark (SSFW) detection. Experimental results using real traffic and public dataset show that the proposed NFW scheme can outperform three typical NFW schemes on invisibility while maintaining a strong interference-resistance capability of network jitter, packet loss, and dummy packet insertion.

Development of an effective Zapping delay framework for Internet Protocol Television over a converged network

Internet Protocol Television is a system that has revolutionized the media and telecommunication industries. It provides the platform for transmitting digitised television services across the Internet Protocol infrastructure. Internet Protocol Television took advantage of the Internet service convergence by providing seamless interactivity, time shifting, video on demand and pay per view to subscribers. However, zapping delay is a critical problem that deters the switching intention of terrestrial subscribers and the widespread of Internet Protocol Television services. Subscribers often experience this zapping delay problem in Internet Protocol Television when switching channels, which makes subscribers, wait for several seconds before the desired channel is found and made available. The zapping delay problem is intrinsically caused by video stream end-to-end delay, buffering delay, network jitter and traffic load. In the last few decades, a lot of frameworks, for instance, those based on multiple channels, have been proposed to reduce zapping delay in Internet Protocol Television. Such frameworks are implemented at the subscriber level, network level or video level. However, high bandwidth is still required to make the existing frameworks work effectively, which is an intrinsic limitation because not all subscribers can afford the cost of high bandwidth. This research develops a unified framework that takes the advantages provided at the subscriber level and network level to solve the zapping delay problem in Internet Protocol Television. It is possible to reduce zapping delay in Internet Protocol Television using an effective framework to aid faster channel switching and increase the quality of experience. The framework being proposed in this research is faster than a regular stream and it reduces the zapping delay to the bare minimum. The framework has been validated at both subscriber and network levels, which indicates that as traffic load increases at a set bandwidth within the converged network, packet end to end delay and network jitter should be reduced in order to eliminate zapping delay. Furthermore, the encoded and decoded video sequence available to the subscriber is evaluated using popular quantitative metrics and mean opinion score to determine subscriber perceptions of video quality through the salient object that will interest the subscriber in the video sequence displayed in order to aid a high satisfaction level video quality of experience. A large-scale implementation of the proposed framework by a telecommunication firm promises to generate revenue for the firm. In addition, the implementation and practical deployment of the proposed framework would also benefit subscribers to enjoy unlimited Internet Protocol Television services at reduced cost.