scholarly journals Development of an effective Zapping delay framework for Internet Protocol Television over a converged network

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy Temitope Adeliyi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Internet Protocol Television ◽  
Network Jitter

Internet Protocol Television is a system that has revolutionized the media and telecommunication industries. It provides the platform for transmitting digitised television services across the Internet Protocol infrastructure. Internet Protocol Television took advantage of the Internet service convergence by providing seamless interactivity, time shifting, video on demand and pay per view to subscribers. However, zapping delay is a critical problem that deters the switching intention of terrestrial subscribers and the widespread of Internet Protocol Television services. Subscribers often experience this zapping delay problem in Internet Protocol Television when switching channels, which makes subscribers, wait for several seconds before the desired channel is found and made available. The zapping delay problem is intrinsically caused by video stream end-to-end delay, buffering delay, network jitter and traffic load. In the last few decades, a lot of frameworks, for instance, those based on multiple channels, have been proposed to reduce zapping delay in Internet Protocol Television. Such frameworks are implemented at the subscriber level, network level or video level. However, high bandwidth is still required to make the existing frameworks work effectively, which is an intrinsic limitation because not all subscribers can afford the cost of high bandwidth. This research develops a unified framework that takes the advantages provided at the subscriber level and network level to solve the zapping delay problem in Internet Protocol Television. It is possible to reduce zapping delay in Internet Protocol Television using an effective framework to aid faster channel switching and increase the quality of experience. The framework being proposed in this research is faster than a regular stream and it reduces the zapping delay to the bare minimum. The framework has been validated at both subscriber and network levels, which indicates that as traffic load increases at a set bandwidth within the converged network, packet end to end delay and network jitter should be reduced in order to eliminate zapping delay. Furthermore, the encoded and decoded video sequence available to the subscriber is evaluated using popular quantitative metrics and mean opinion score to determine subscriber perceptions of video quality through the salient object that will interest the subscriber in the video sequence displayed in order to aid a high satisfaction level video quality of experience. A large-scale implementation of the proposed framework by a telecommunication firm promises to generate revenue for the firm. In addition, the implementation and practical deployment of the proposed framework would also benefit subscribers to enjoy unlimited Internet Protocol Television services at reduced cost.

scholarly journals Diferencia de los protocolos MIP V4 / MIP V6 y cómo afectan las métricas de QoS en el servicio IPTV sobre IMS en una infraestructura de red móvil

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davianys Alicia Navarro Rey ◽  
Jhon Edisson Villarreal Padilla ◽  
Luis Guillermo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Internet Protocol Television ◽  
La Red

El siguiente artículo presenta un análisis de las métricas de QoS (Quality Of Service) más relevantes para el servicio IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) sobre una infraestructura de red Móvil basada en MIPV4 y MIPV6, el cual es realizado con el Sniffer Wireshark. Es de suma importancia evaluar las métricas en el servicio, dado que esto permitirá observar cuál es el rendimiento de la red durante la trasmisión de cualquier servicio multimedia, dependiendo del protocolo móvil. De acuerdo a lo anterior, el resultado logrado es que en MIPV6 es más eficiente la calidad de la red para trasmitir un servicio IPTV, dado que las métricas evaluadas arrojaron que hay menos retardo y pérdidas de paquetes durante la trasmisión, esto se puede notar dado que en MIPV4, cuando el MN(Mobile Node) se encuentra ubicado en el FA(Foreing Agent), la pérdida es de 7% mientras que en MIPV6 es de 2%, favoreciendo la trasmisión del servicio hacia MIPV6. Para continuar con el trabajo, se recomienda evaluar la QoE (Quality Of Experience) del servicio en los diferentes protocolos móvil, con el fin de lograr un acercamiento a lo que puedan percibir o sentir los usuarios sobre el servicio.

Improved Temporal Pooling for Perceptual Video Quality Assessment Using VMAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-1-68-6
Author(s):  
Sophia Batsi ◽  
Lisimachos P. Kondi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Perceptual Video Quality ◽  
Multimethod Assessment

The Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (VMAF) method, proposed by Netflix, offers an automated estimation of perceptual video quality for each frame of a video sequence. Then, the arithmetic mean of the per-frame quality measurements is taken by default, in order to obtain an estimate of the overall Quality of Experience (QoE) of the video sequence. In this paper, we validate the hypothesis that the arithmetic mean conceals the bad quality frames, leading to an overestimation of the provided quality. We also show that the Minkowski mean (appropriately parametrized) approximates well the subjectively measured QoE, providing superior Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (SRCC), Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), and Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) scores.

scholarly journals Fast Channel Navigation of Internet Protocol Television Using Adaptive Hybrid Delivery Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Adeliyi ◽  
Oludayo O. Olugbara
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Queuing Delay ◽  
Hybrid Delivery ◽  
Internet Protocol Television

The Internet protocol television brought seamless potential that has revolutionized the media and telecommunication industries by providing a platform for transmitting digitized television services. However, zapping delay is a critical factor that affects the quality of experience in the Internet protocol television. This problem is intrinsically caused by command processing time, network delay, jitter, buffer delay, and video decoding delay. The overarching objective of this paper is to use a hybrid delivery method that agglutinates multicast- and unicast-enabled services over a converged network to minimize zapping delay to the bare minimum. The hybrid method will deliver Internet protocol television channels to subscribers using the unicast stream coupled with differentiated service quality of experience when zapping delay is greater than 0.43 s. This aids a faster transmission by sending a join message to the multicast stream at the service provider zone to acquire the requested channel. The hybrid method reported in this paper is benchmarked with the state-of-the-art multicast stream and unicast stream methods. Results show that the hybrid method has an excellent performance by lowering point-to-point queuing delay, end-to-end packet delay, and packet variation and increasing throughput rate.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of channel switching approaches for reducing zapping delay in internet protocol television

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Adeliyi ◽  
Ropo E. Ogunsakin ◽  
Marion O. Adebiyi ◽  
Oludayo O. Olugbara
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Channel Switching ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Internet Protocol Television ◽  
Delay Component ◽  
Meta Analyses

Channel zapping delays are inconveniences that are often experienced by the subscribers of Internet protocol television (IPTV). It is a major bottleneck in the IPTV channels switching system that affect the quality of experience of users. Consequently, numerous channels switching approaches to minimize zapping delay in IPTV have been suggested. However, there is little knowledge reported in the literature on the determination of the strength of the evidence presented on the approaches of reducing zapping delay in IPTV, which is the prime purpose of this study. The extraction of the relevant articles was designed following the technique of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). All the included research articles were searched from the widely used databases of Google Scholar, and Web of Science. All statistical analyses were performed with the aid of the random-effects model implementation in Stata version 15. The overall pooled estimated delay component was presented in forest plots. Overall, thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis and the overall pooled estimate was 10% (95% CI: 7%, 30%)). Experimental studies have shown that virtual elimination of IPTV zapping delay is possible for a relevant chunk of channel switching requests.

Quality of Experience vs. QoS in Video Transmission

2010 ◽  
pp. 352-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
André F. Marquet ◽  
Jânio M. Monteiro ◽  
Nuno J. Martins ◽  
Mario S. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Quality Video

In legacy television services, user centric metrics have been used for more than twenty years to evaluate video quality. These subjective assessment metrics are usually obtained using a panel of human evaluators in standard defined methods to measure the impairments caused by a diversity of factors of the Human Visual System (HVS), constituting what is also called Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics. As video services move to IP networks, the supporting distribution platforms and the type of receiving terminals is getting more heterogeneous, when compared with classical video distributions. The flexibility introduced by these new architectures is, at the same time, enabling an increment of the transmitted video quality to higher definitions and is supporting the transmission of video to lower capability terminals, like mobile terminals. In IP Networks, while Quality of Service (QoS) metrics have been consistently used for evaluating the quality of a transmission and provide an objective way to measure the reliability of communication networks for various purposes, QoE metrics are emerging as a solution to address the limitations of conventional QoS measuring when evaluating quality from the service and user point of view. In terms of media, compressed video usually constitutes a very interdependent structure degrading in a non-graceful manner when exposed to Binary Erasure Channels (BEC), like the Internet or wireless networks. Accordingly, not only the type of encoder and its major encoding parameters (e.g. transmission rate, image definition or frame rate) contribute to the quality of a received video, but also QoS parameters are usually a cause for different types of decoding artifacts. As a result of this, several worldwide standard entities have been evaluating new metrics for the subjective assessment of video transmission over IP networks. In this chapter we are especially interested in explaining some of the best practices available to monitor, evaluate and assure good levels of QoE in packet oriented networks for rich media applications like high quality video streaming. For such applications, service requirements are relatively loose or difficult to quantify and therefore specific techniques have to be clearly understood and evaluated. By the mid of the chapter the reader should have understood why even networks with excellent QoS parameters might have QoE issues, as QoE is a systemic approach that does not relate solely to QoS but to the ensemble of components composing the communication system.

scholarly journals A Mobile Fog Computing-Assisted DASH QoE Prediction Scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Zheng ◽  
Yongxiang Zhao ◽  
Xi Lu ◽  
Rongzhen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Adaptive Streaming ◽  
Network Operator ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Prediction Scheme ◽  
Network Equipment

Video service has become a killer application for mobile terminals. For providing such services, most of the traffic is carried by the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) technique. The key to improve video quality perceived by users, i.e., Quality of Experience (QoE), is to effectively characterize it by using measured data. There have been many literatures that studied this issue. Some existing solutions use probe mechanism at client/server, which, however, are not applicable to network operator. Some other solutions, which aimed to predict QoE by deep packet parsing, cannot work properly as more and more video traffic is encrypted. In this paper, we propose a fog-assisted real-time QoE prediction scheme, which can predict the QoE of DASH-supported video streaming using fog nodes. Neither client/server participations nor deep packet parsing at network equipment is needed, which makes this scheme easy to deploy. Experimental results show that this scheme can accurately detect QoE with high accuracy even when the video traffic is encrypted.

scholarly journals Video Quality of Experience Metric for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Services Using DASH Standard and Deep Spatial-Temporal Representation of Video

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Lina Du ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Jiafeng Li ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoguang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Compression ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Adaptive Streaming ◽  
Input Feature ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Content Characteristics

DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)) as a universal unified multimedia streaming standard selects the appropriate video bitrate to improve the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) according to network conditions, client status, etc. Considering that the quantitative expression of the user’s QoE is also a difficult point in itself, this paper researched the distortion caused due to video compression, network transmission and other aspects, and then proposes a video QoE metric for dynamic adaptive streaming services. Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are used together to extract the deep spatial-temporal features to represent the content characteristics of the video. While accounting for the fluctuation in the quality of a video caused by bitrate switching on the QoE, other factors such as video content characteristics, video quality and video fluency, are combined to form the input feature vector. The ridge regression method is adopted to establish a QoE metric that enables to dynamically describe the relationship between the input feature vector and the value of the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). The experimental results on different datasets demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method can achieve superior performance over the state-of-the-art methods, which proves the proposed QoE model can effectively guide the client’s bitrate selection in dynamic adaptive streaming media services.

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