Mitigation of sterigmatocystin exposure in cattle by difructose anhydride III feed supplementation and detection of urinary sterigmatocystin and serum amyloid A concentrations

We evaluated the effects of supplementing cattle feed with difructose anhydride III (DFA III) by measuring urinary sterigmatocystin (STC) concentrations using 20 Japanese Black cattle aged 9–10 months from one herd. DFA III was supplemented for 2 weeks for 10 animals, and non-treated animals served as controls. The natural STC concentration in the dietary feed was 0.06 mg kg−1 (mixture of roughage and concentrate) at the beginning of the study (Day 0). The urine STC concentration was measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry 1 d prior to DFA III administration, 9 and 14 d thereafter, and 9 d following supplementation cessation, concomitant with the measurement of serum amyloid A (SAA). The number of heifers in which STC was detected in the urine was low (10 %) in the DFA III group compared to that (60 %) in the control group on Day 9. After 9 d following supplementation cessation (Day 23), STC concentrations were significantly lower (P=0.032) in the DFA III group than in the control group, although there was no difference in the number of heifers in which urinary STC was detected or in SAA concentrations between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate the effect of DFA III on reducing the urinary concentration of STC in Japanese Black cattle.

The effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in the femur bone of calcium deficient rats

Background: Dried yogurt enriched by Difructose Anhydride III when used as a functional food has been observed to increase calcium absorption, making it useful in osteoporosis prevention. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Difructose Anhydride III in increasing the absorption of calcium in female rat models, strain Sprague Dawley, in the pre-menopausal age during which they’re calcium deficient.Methods: The effectiveness test of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in pre-menopausal Sprague Dawley rats was performed in calcium-deficient conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with 4 treatments for 6 weeks and 4 replications: normal rats fed with purified diet (C), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet (CD), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (dahlia tubers) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III dahlia), and calcium-deficient rats fed with a calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III chicory). The parameters measured were serum calcium concentration, femur bone calcium concentration, femur bone matrix condition, and femur bone strength.Results: DFA III (dahlia tubers and chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt contained 0.334% and 0.322% of calcium concentration. The provision of a calcium-deficient diet for 12 weeks was shown to reduce the serum calcium concentration of the deficient calcium rat to 7.72±1.08 mg dL-1 and the control rat to 11.60±0.85 mg dL-1. CD+DFA III chicory treatments also showed a high calcium concentration in the femur bone (34.94±3.21%), a relatively higher bone strength (9.34±3.61 kg cm-2), and a denser femur bone matrix condition than the control. The femur bone calcium level of rats treated with CD+DFA III dahlia and chicory tubers was 28.95±1.95% and 34.94±3.21%, respectively. These results were significantly different than the CD treatment (17.49±4.38%).Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that sufficient calcium intake could provide high calcium deposits in the bones. Diets containing 3.60% w/w DFA III fortified in dry yogurt have been shown to enhance calcium absorption in calcium-deficient rats. Additionally, the effectiveness of dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from chicory tubers was higher than that of the dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahlia tubers.Preclinical Trial Registration: Animal Ethics Committee at IPB University No. 12-2013Keywords: Bone femur; calcium deficiency; effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III

Facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride III from sucrose

A convenient, efficient, and cost-effective approach to the facile enzymatic production of difructose dianhydride (DFA) III from sucrose is described.

KARAKTERISTIK YOGHURT KERING YANG DIPERKAYA DIFRUCTOSE ANHYDRIDE III DARI UMBI DAHLIA SEBAGAI MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL

Dried yogurt is one of yogurt product development innovations. Beside increases the shelf life, dried yogurt is also ore practical because it reduces the volume to the easier distribution process. Dried yogurt enriched by Difructose Anhydride III as functional food in increasing calcium absorption is useful as osteoporosis prevention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahlia and chicory tubers as functional drink on physicochemical, microbiology, and organoleptic properties. The research stages include: (1) The production of dried yogurt without enrichment (Y), with DFA III enrichment from dahlia tubers (YD), and with DFA III commercial enrichment from chicory tubers (YC), (2) The test for physicochemical, microbiology, and organoleptic properties.The results showed that the purity level of DFA III from dahlia tubers was 96.0% and commercial DFA III from chicory tubers was 99.9%. The best results were obtained from the dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahliawhich produced yield of 14.90±1.27% and dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from chicory tubers (YC) which produced yield of 14.71±1.69% (p<0.05). YD product had moisture content of 7.89±0.01%; ash content of 3.43±0.06%; protein content of 12.43±0.13%; fat content of 1.22±0.07%; carbohydrate content of 75.02±0.10%; pH/acidity of 3.9±0.00; acidity as lactic acid of 0.49±0.02%; whiteness degree of 89.29±0.08%; and lactic acid bacteria viability of 1.20x10 levels got like preference, while for texture and taste level got medium-like preference. Dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahlia tubers could improve the viability of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic. It means that the dried yogurtprevention.Keywords: Difructose AnhydrideIII, characteristics, enrichment, dried yogurt ABSTRAK Yoghurt keringmerupakan salah satu inovasi pengembangan produk yoghurt. Yoghurt kering dapat meningkatkan daya simpan yoghurt serta lebih praktis karena mengurangi volume sehingga lebih memudahkan dalam proses distribusi. Pengayaan yoghurt kering dengan III sebagai pangan fungsional yang berperan dalam meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium bermanfaat sebagai pencegahan terhadap osteoporosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik yoghurt kering yang diperkaya dengan DFA III dari umbi dahlia dan umbi meliputi: (1) proses pembuatan yoghurt kering tanpa pengayaan (Y), diperkaya dengan DFA III dari umbi dahlia (YD), dan diperkaya dengan DFA III komersial dari umbi organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemurnian DFA III dari umbi dahlia 96,0% dan DFA III komersial dari umbi 99,9%. Hasil terbaik diperoleh dari yoghurt kering yang diperkaya dengan DFA III dari umbi dahlia (YD) menghasilkan rendemen 17,83±0,36% lebih tinggi secara nyata dibandingkan dengan tanpa pengayaan (Y) 14,90±1,27% dan pengayaan dengan DFA III dari umbi (YC) 14,71±1,69% (p<0,05). Produk YD mengandung kadar air 7,89±0,01%; kadar abu 3,43±0,06%; kadar protein 12,43±0,13%; kadar lemak 1,22±0,07%; kadar karbohidrat75,02±0,10%; pH/derajat keasaman 3,9±0,00; keasaman sebagai asam laktat 0,49±0,02%; derajat putih 89,29±0,08%; dan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat 1,20x107cfu.g-1. Pengujian organoleptik menggunakan 40 panelis semi terlatih, dengan hasil penilaian untuk aroma dan warna menunjukkan kriteria suka, untuk tekstur dan rasa menunjukkan kriteriaagak suka. Yoghurt kering yang diperkaya dengan DFA III dari umbi dahlia yang bersifat prebiotik dapat meningkatkan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat sebagai probiotik yang menunjukkan bahwa produk tersebut dapat digolongkan sebagai produk sinbiotik dan dapat digunakan sebagai minuman fungsional untuk meningkatkan penyerapan kalsium sebagaipencegahan terhadap osteoporosis. Kata kunci: III, karakteristik, pengayaan, yoghurt kering