Test Method of Communication Protocol of Standard Group Components of Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment

In recent years, the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry has made the research on the communication protocol detection of the standard components of its charging equipment more and more important. The consistency of the charging communication determines whether the charging process can be carried out normally. During the charging process, the inconsistent communication messages of the standard components will directly lead to the failure of the charging process of the electric vehicle charging equipment. The purpose of this article is to study the communication protocol test method of the standard set of electric vehicle charging equipment. This article first analyzes the whole process of DC charging of electric vehicle charging equipment, and determines the detection method combining positive detection and negative detection according to the various stages of communication, and explains it. Then analyze and study the consistency of the communication protocol of the electric vehicle charging equipment standard group components, and determine the test indicators used to test and evaluate the DC charging communication consistency of the electric vehicle charging equipment. Finally, according to the analysis and research on the consistency of DC charging communication of electric vehicle charging equipment, a test plan for testing the consistency of communication is determined. The experimental data shows that the leakage current limit set in the experiment is 30mA, and the maximum error in the actual measurement is 1.1mA. The test results show that the controller on the cable can provide protection in case of leakage, and the measurement error is less than ±5mA.

Levenshtein Distance as a Measure of Accuracy and Precision in Forensic PCR-MPS Methods

ABSTRACTAccuracy and precision determinations are standard components of method validations where they help to describe the performance of the method. Despite their importance, a standard approach to calculating these parameters is not available for forensic PCR-MPS methods that detect sequence-based alleles. In this paper, we describe a method based on the Levenshtein distance metric which aptly summarizes method accuracy in terms of the closeness of read sequences to reference sequences, and method precision in terms of the agreement among read sequences. Inaccuracy or imprecision in forensic methods can lead to wrong allele calls. By expressing method performance in terms of a distance metric, this method places PCR-MPS on equal footing with distance-based measures in PCR-CE methods where inaccuracy or imprecision can result in wrong microvariant allele calls. Summary statistics based on the Levenshtein distance can be used to compare performance of different kits, markers, sequencers, or methods.

Samba and CERNBox: Providing online access to Windows-based users at CERN

This paper presents the experience in providing CERN users with direct online access to their EOS/CERNBox-powered user storage from Windows. In production for about 15 months, a High-Available Samba cluster is regularly used by a significant fraction of the CERN user base, following the migration of their central home folders from Microsoft DFS in the context of CERN’s strategy to move to open source solutions. We describe the configuration of the cluster, which is based on standard components: the EOS-backed CERNBox storage is mounted via FUSE, and an additional mount provided by CephFS is used to share the cluster’s state. Further, we describe some typical shortcomings of such a setup and how they were tackled. Finally, we show how such an additional access method fits in the bigger picture, where the storage is seamlessly accessed by user jobs, sync clients, FUSE/Samba mounts as well as the web UI, whilst aiming at a consistent view and user experience.

Does Including Pain, Fatigue, and Physical Function When Assessing Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Provide a Comprehensive Picture of Disease Burden?

Objective To explore the possibility of integrating patient-important outcomes like pain, fatigue, and physical function into the evaluation of disease status in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) without compromising correct disease activity measurement. Methods Patients from the 2-year Care in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (CareRA) trial were included. Pain and fatigue (visual analog scales), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), standard components of disease activity [swollen/tender joint counts (SJC/TJC), C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), physician (PhGH) and patient (PaGH) global health] were recorded at every visit (n = 10). Pearson correlation and exploratory factor analyses (EFA), using multiple imputation (15×) and outputation (1000×), were performed per timepoint and overall, on standard components of disease activity scores with and without pain, fatigue, and HAQ. Each of the 15,000 datasets was analyzed using EFA with principal component extraction and oblimin rotation to determine which variables belong together. Results We included 379 patients. EFA on standard composite score components extracted 2 factors with no substantial cross-loadings. Still, pain (0.83), fatigue (0.65), and HAQ (0.59) were strongly correlated with PaGH. When rerunning the EFA with the inclusion of pain, fatigue, and HAQ, the 2-factor model had substantial cross-loadings between factors. However, a 3-factor model was optimal, with Factor 1: patient assessment, Factor 2: clinical assessment (PhGH, SJC, and TJC), and Factor 3: laboratory assessment (ESR/ CRP). Conclusion PaGH, pain, fatigue, and physical function represent a separate aspect of the disease burden of patients with ERA, which could be further explored as a target for care apart from disease activity. [ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01172639].

A Decision-Making Approach for Procuring Custom-Made Machineries and Components

The paper wants to improve the procurement processes for custom-made machineries and components. Indeed, the current methods and software platforms adopted by industries for purchasing machineries do not consider value generated through the entire lifecycle. Furthermore, the purchasing process of custom-made components from external suppliers is often and still characterized by several negotiation activities. This paper wants to improve this context by proposing two approaches to fostering the procurement processes. The first objective is to define an approach for standardizing the method for configuring machineries to be supplied from suppliers and to establish an approach for estimating their costs. The most important benefits of such an approach consist of (i) machinery selection based on the Total Value of Ownership (TVO), and (ii) optimized suppliers’ selection by strengthening relationships between customers and suppliers. The second objective is to define a method and a software platform for managing the procurement phase of custom-made components. The most important benefits of this approach consist of (i) the standardization of procurement policies for custom and standard components, and (ii) the faster budgeting process. Future work consists of defining a reference model for gathering primary data required for TVO computation and defining standard agreements between suppliers and customers.

Qualification of a Non-Standard Piping Component for ASME Pressure Piping Applications

In 1991 one of the authors of this paper coauthored a paper [1] on how to qualify a non-standard piping component for ASME B31.1 and B31.3 services. Since that time a number of ASME piping qualification standards have been written or are under development that affect how piping components should be qualified. This paper updates the 1991 paper and uses a non-standard piping component, in this case a mechanical joint, to demonstrate a method to qualify non-standard piping components for ASME non-nuclear and nuclear services. The herein documented testing applies the various more current qualification requirements to meet ASME B31 and Section III, Class 2 and 3 Code service rules. The paper explains the intention of the various Code requirements, outlining the mechanical tests and calculations used to demonstrate ASME Code conformance. This paper also discusses non-traditional piping failure mechanisms, mechanisms other than rupture and fatigue, such as component disassembly due to the component being a compression fitting. Similar non-traditional failure mechanisms are often encountered in other types of non-standard components such as clamps, flared and flareless joints, rolled and expanded joints, and proprietary components. The discussion of non-traditional failure mechanisms is extended to include how the tests for these failure mechanisms could translate into ASME pressure piping requirements to assure a safe piping system. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving the ASME pressure piping Code requirements as they apply to non-standard piping component qualification.

Stability Analysis of Self Propelled Multi-Utility Platform for Orchard Management System using Point Manipulation Method

Self-propelled hydraulically operated multi-utility platform for orchard management system (SOMS) was developed to increase the accessibility of pickers to fruit on trees and to carry out orchard management practices like spraying and pruning. The platform was designed for vertical reach of 6 m and load carrying capacity of 200 kg. Point manipulation programme was developed by Microsoft Excel add in and by trial and error, position of the standard components were decided to determine the centre of gravity of the machine. Standard components were placed over the chassis in such an arrangement that, the centre of gravity (CG) always remain over the chassis during entire operation of the platform from minimum to maximum height with designed load. Forces acting on the chassis were analyzed to find out weight transfer and impending stability in various terrain conditions, various bucket positions loads on the bucket. The prediction equation for the determination of horizontal center of gravity (Xcg) was verified with the true value collected by keeping the wheels of SOMS on individual electronics weighing balance. The average absolute variations between the predicted and measured values of Xcg were within 0.44 % and 3.53%.