Make my day! Teachers’ experienced emotions in their pedagogical work with disengaged students

The present study researched teachers’ emotions related to their pedagogical work with disengaged students. The aim of the study was to investigate teachers’ emotions experienced during classroom practice and how emotions were related to their perceived well-being. Based on the literature, we assumed that teachers’ perceived well-being was affected by the emotions in their classroom practice through their feelings of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Data were collected using qualitative methods. In our results, we reported that teachers experienced mixed emotions elicited by interactions with students, student learning, colleagues and the programme. We determined the characteristics of classroom practices that contribute positively to teachers’ perceived well-being as well as characteristics that diminish teachers’ perceived well-being. Implications for practice are discussed.

Evidence for frequent incest in a cooperatively breeding mammal

As breeding between relatives often results in inbreeding depression, inbreeding avoidance is widespread in the animal kingdom. However, inbreeding avoidance may entail fitness costs. For example, dispersal away from relatives may reduce survival. How these conflicting selection pressures are resolved is challenging to investigate, but theoretical models predict that inbreeding should occur frequently in some systems. Despite this, few studies have found evidence of regular incest in mammals, even in social species where relatives are spatio-temporally clustered and opportunities for inbreeding frequently arise. We used genetic parentage assignments together with relatedness data to quantify inbreeding rates in a wild population of banded mongooses, a cooperatively breeding carnivore. We show that females regularly conceive to close relatives, including fathers and brothers. We suggest that the costs of inbreeding avoidance may sometimes outweigh the benefits, even in cooperatively breeding species where strong within-group incest avoidance is considered to be the norm.

Shewanella arctica sp. nov., an iron-reducing bacterium isolated from Arctic marine sediment

Two strains of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, which could couple lactate oxidation to iron reduction for energy conservation, were isolated from Arctic marine sediment. The strains, IR12T and IR26, were both Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and facultative anaerobes. Their cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of a polar flagellum. Both strains grew in the presence of 0.5–3.5 % (w/v) NaCl, with an absolute requirement for Na+. Both were psychrotolerant since they could grow at 4-28 °C but had an optimum growth temperature of 20 °C. Both grew at pH 4.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). The major fatty acids of strains IR12T and IR26 were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains IR12T and IR26 belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and were most closely related to Shewanella vesiculosa M7T, Shewanella livingstonensis NF22T and Shewanella frigidimarina ACAM 591T (with 98.5 and 98.8 %, 98.5 and 98.8 %, and 98.5 and 98.8 % sequence similarities, respectively). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains IR12T and IR26 were 40.0 and 40.3 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness data indicated that the two novel strains represented a single species that was distinct from S. vesiculosa M7T, S. livingstonensis NF22T and S. frigidimarina ACAM 591T. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the two new strains represent a single novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IR12T ( = KCTC 23109T = JCM 16723T).

Shewanella indica sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the Arabian Sea

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, motile by means of a single polar flagellum and designated strain KJW27T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Karwar jetty, west coast of India. The strain was β-haemolytic and grew with 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl, at 10–45 °C and at pH 6.5–10, with optimum growth with 2 % (w/v) NaCl, at 37 °C and at pH 7.5. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (22.2 %), C17 : 1ω8c (21 %), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c; 10.2 %), C16 : 0 (7.1 %), iso-C13 : 0 (5.6 %) and C17 : 0 (4.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 51.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain KJW27T forms a lineage within the genus Shewanella and is closely related to Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (98.8 %), Shewanella haliotis DW01T (98.8 %) and Shewanella chilikensis JC5T (98.2 %). Sequence identity with other members of this genus ranges from 92.2 to 96.4 %. The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain KJW27T with S. algae ATCC 51192T, S. haliotis DW01T and S. chilikensis JC5T was 52, 44 and 33 %, respectively. The phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data indicate that strain KJW27T should be distinguished from S. algae ATCC 51192T, S. haliotis DW01T and S. chilikensis JC5T. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain KJW27T represents a novel species, for which the name Shewanella indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJW27T ( = KCTC 23171T = BCC 41031T = NCIM 5388T).

Lechevalieria atacamensis sp. nov., Lechevalieria deserti sp. nov. and Lechevalieria roselyniae sp. nov., isolated from hyperarid soils

The taxonomic positions of three Lechevalieria-like strains isolated from hyperarid soils of the Atacama Desert, Chile, were established by using a polyphasic approach. The organisms had chemical and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Lechevalieria. They formed a distinct subclade in the Lechevalieria 16S rRNA gene clade and were most closely related to the type strain of Lechevalieria xinjiangensis. DNA–DNA relatedness data showed that each of the isolates and Lechevalieria xinjiangensis DSM 45081T belong to distinct genomic species. The new isolates and the type strains of recognized Lechevalieria species were readily distinguished based on a number of phenotypic properties. A combination of the genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the three isolates represent three novel species of the genus Lechevalieria. The names proposed for these taxa are Lechevalieria atacamensis sp. nov. (type strain C61T =CGMCC 4.5536T =NRRL B-24706T), Lechevalieria deserti sp. nov. (type strain C68T =CGMCC 4.5535T =NRRL B-24707T) and Lechevalieria roselyniae sp. nov. (type strain C81T =CGMCC 4.5537T =NRRL B-24708T).

Microbacterium sediminicola sp. nov. and Microbacterium marinilacus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments

Two novel Microbacterium species are described on the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies. The two strains, designated YM10-847T and YM11-607T, were isolated from river sediment and unidentified hydroid, respectively, of a marine lake. The strains were Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacteria with l-ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was N-glycolyl. The major menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-11 for YM10-847T, and MK-11 and MK-12 for YM11-607T. Mycolic acids were not detected. The DNA G+C content of strains YM10-847T and YM11-607T was 67.8 and 71.6 mol%, respectively. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the two strains belong to the genus Microbacterium. DNA–DNA relatedness data showed that YM10-847T and YM11-607T are two novel species of this genus. On the basis of these results, strains YM10-847T and YM11-607T represent two novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the names Microbacterium sediminicola sp. nov. and Microbacterium marinilacus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are YM10-847T (=MBIC08264T=DSM 18905T) and YM11-607T (=MBIC07778T=DSM 18904T), respectively.

Dyadobacter koreensis sp. nov., isolated from fresh water

A non-motile, rod-shaped, light-yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain WPCB159T, was isolated from freshwater samples collected from the Woopo wetland in Korea. The cells were Gram-negative, aerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c (34.8 %), iso-C15 : 0 (24.2 %) and C16 : 0 (9.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 44 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WPCB159T forms a lineage within the genus Dyadobacter (family ‘Flexibacteraceae’) and is closely related to Dyadobacter hamtensis HHS 11T (97.8 % sequence similarity) and to other members of the genus Dyadobacter (95.2–96.8 % sequence similarity). The phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness data indicate that strain WPCB159T should be distinguished from D. hamtensis HHS 11T. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain WPCB159T represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WPCB159T (=KCTC 12537T=NBRC 101116T).

Cryobacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from the China No. 1 glacier

A novel psychrotolerant, Gram-positive, yellow-pigmented, aerobic bacterium, strain 0549T, was isolated from the China No. 1 glacier. The cells of the isolate were catalase-positive, motile, irregular rods. The diamino acid content of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was determined to be 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. Strain 0549T was able to grow at 4–27 °C, with optimum growth occurring at 20–22 °C. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 1, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 0549T belonged to the genus Cryobacterium and exhibited 96.5 % similarity to Cryobacterium psychrophilum JCM 1463T. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties and the DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain 0549T represents a novel species of the genus Cryobacterium, for which the name Cryobacterium psychrotolerans is proposed. The type strain is 0549T (=CGMCC 1.5382T=JCM 13925T).

Paenibacillus soli sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from soil

Two novel polysaccharide-degrading bacteria (strains DCY03T and DCY04) were isolated from a soil sample of a ginseng field in the Republic of Korea and were identified as representing members of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cells of the two isolates were Gram-positive, spore-forming, non-motile, straight rods. Based on DNA–DNA relatedness data, the strains were considered to belong to the same species. The DNA G+C content ranged from 56.6 to 57.0 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0 (63.8–62.8 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two novel isolates and the type strains of recognized Paenibacillus species were 91.4–96.5 %. Strains DCY03T and DCY04 could clearly be distinguished from phylogenetically closely related Paenibacillus species on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness data and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, on the basis of these data, the two isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY03T (=KCTC 13010T=LMG 23604T).