Identifikasi Khamir Patogen pada Kulit dan Telinga Anjing Peliharaan

<p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Anjing adalah hewan kesayangan bagi manusia. Kesehatan anjing harus diperhatikan, terutama kebersihan kulit dan telinga hewan. Tingkat kebersihan yang rendah akan menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit dan telinga. Salah satu penyebab infeksi ini adalah pertumbuhan ragi yang tidak terkontrol. Pencegahan infeksi bisa dicoba dengan mengetahui jenis ragi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhannya. Identifikasi ragi dilakukan dengan metode Tape Strip Test, metode Ear Staining, dan kultur ragi. Identifikasi faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ragi diidentifikasi dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pemilik anjing. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ragi ditemukan pada sampel kulit dan telinga. Ragi yang ditemukan pada sampel kulit adalah Malassezia sp., Sedangkan di sampel telinga adalah Candida sp., Malassezia sp., Dan Cryptococcus sp. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ragi pada kulit anjing atau telinga anjing adalah jenis kelamin, jenis kelamin, usia, keadaan tempat tinggal dan taman bermain, intensitas perawatan, dan frekuensi anjing dibawa ke luar.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: Anjing, Pewarnaan telinga, </em><em>Malassezia spp</em><em>, Uji Strip Tape, Ragi</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> - <strong>Dogs are favorite pet for humans. Dog’s health must be considered, especially the hygiene of the skin and ear of the animal. Low levels of hygiene will cause infections on the skin and ears. One cause of these infections is the uncontrolled growth of yeast. Prevention of infection can be attempted by knowing the type of yeast and factors affecting its growth. Identification of yeast was done using Tape Strip Test method, Ear Staining method, and yeast culture. Identification of factors that may affecting the growth of yeast was identified by distributing questionnaires to dog owners. This study shows that yeast was found on the sample of skin and ears. Yeast was found on the skin sample is <em>Malassezia</em> sp., while in the ear samples are <em>Candida</em> sp., <em>Malassezia</em> sp., and <em>Cryptococcus</em> sp. The factors that most affect the growth of yeast on the dog’s skin or dog’s ear are sex, breed, age, circumstance of residence and playground, intensity of care, and the frequency of the dogs are taken to the outside.</strong></p><p> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Dogs, Ear Staining, Malassezia spp., Tape Strip Test, Yeast</em>.

Bioequivalence of Topical Clotrimazole Formulations: An Improved Tape Stripping Method

Purpose: Investigations were carried out to assess the use of tape stripping (TS) for the determination of bioequivalence of topical products containing 1% clotrimazole. Methods: The study design involved the establishment of an appropriate application time, which was determined by conducting a dose duration study. Subsequently, two bioequivalence studies were conducted: i) using the brand (Canesten Topical - 1% clotrimazole cream) as both the test and the reference product and ii) comparing Canesten cream with a gel product containing the same concentration of clotrimazole (1%). Each tape strip was individually analyzed for clotrimazole content using an HPLC method and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) measurements were used to normalize the stratum corneum thicknesses between subjects. Results: The results of the TS investigations showed that, if the study is sufficiently powered, tape stripping may be used to determine bioequivalence according to the conventional bioequivalence limits of 0.8–1.25, as well as detect formulation differences between different clotrimazole products. Conclusions: The data from this study provided compelling evidence that tape stripping has the necessary attributes and potential to be used as a tool for the bioequivalence assessment of topical clotrimazole and/or other topical formulations, thereby circumventing the need to undertake expensive and time-consuming clinical trials for such products. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.