Decentralization in self-government bodies

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of decentralization as a foundation for the formation of local governments in Ukraine. The importance of introducing the reform of decentralization of power on the path of development of Ukraine as a democratic, social, legal state is proved. The activity of local self-government in the conditions of decentralization is currently a priority among the reforms in Ukraine, as new trends in state building of our country, formation of civil society institutions, optimization of the system of local self-government determine new conditions for decentralization. Traditionally, a constant view of decentralization as a process in which independent units that form the bearers of local self-government are formed in a centralized state requires the development of new approaches to the analysis of its content and, accordingly, the search for new opportunities to achieve the goal. The role of decentralization in the formation of the institution of local self-government is crucial. After all, decentralization is a kind of management system, in which part of the functions of central government is transferred to local governments. Decentralization is one of the forms of democracy development, which at the same time preserves the unity of the state and its institutions while expanding the possibilities of local self-government. It aims to activate the population to meet their own needs, to narrow the sphere of state influence on society, to reduce expenditures on the maintenance of the state apparatus. This process promotes direct democracy, as it involves the transfer of control of a number of local affairs directly into the hands of stakeholders. Thus, we can say that decentralization helps to build the civil society we so strive for. As a result of local government reform and decentralization of power, the basis of the new system of local self-government should be united territorial communities, which are formed on a voluntary basis in accordance with the statutory procedure with their own self-government bodies, including executive bodies. The reform should help improve the lives of Ukrainian citizens, as well as build a legal, modern, efficient and, most importantly, competitive European state.

Revisitando a Ricardo Palma en el centésimo aniversario de su muerte

ResumenEn este artículo se revisa el concepto de disidencia en la obra de Ricardo Palma. Utilizamos el término «disidencia» en el sentido que desarrollara Mario Vargas Llosa (1971). Revelamos aquí, brevemente, cómo la disidencia en Palma se enmascara de un aparente conformismo social y cultural destinado a cuestionar soterradamente las estructuras del poder colonial y patriarcal y su supervivencia en el Perú republicano.Palabras Clave: Tradiciones peruanas, disidencia, Mario Vargas Llosa, discurso subyacente, transgresión, formación de país. AbstractThis article reviews the concept of dissent in Ricardo Palma's work. We use the term "dissent" in the sense that Mario Vargas Llosa (1971) developed. Briefly, we reveal here how the dissent in Palma is masked by an apparent social and cultural conformism destined to subtly question the structures of colonial and patriarchal power and its survival in the Peruvian republic.Keywords: Peruvian traditions, dissent, Mario Vargas Llosa, underlying discourse, transgression, country formation.

DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

The article focuses on the importance of digitization of agriculture for rising the competitiveness of the domestic agro-industrial complex (AIC). In order to obtain an objective picture of APC nowadays, there have been analyzed the supplies of the staples in the Russian Federation and revealed the problems with producing milk, beef, fruit and vegetables of sheltered ground. It is stated that today Russia is actively implementing import substitution strategies in the sectors of the national economy including the agricultural sector. The main purpose of functioning of the national AIC has been determined as ensuring the parameters of food security for the population of Russia. There are considered the burning issues on achieving food self-sufficiency, the solution of which lies in increasing the competitiveness of the national AIC. The emphasis is placed on the need to transfer agricultural production to the ecological and economic principles of management and the rational distribution of using all types of resources. It has been recommended to assess the soil-climatic and economic potential of the territory in order to identify the priorities of food self-sufficiency for basic types of food in all regions of the country. Formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for creating competitive advantages of AIC helps to develop agricultural production on the innovative basis and to ensure the long-lasting food security at the federal level. The factors increasing AIC competitiveness are: economic soil fertility, usable agricultural areas, optimization of the structure of sown areas, system development of fodder production and animal husbandry, digitization of agriculture, etc. There have been analyzed the problems of insufficient digital prevalence in agriculture; the role of digitalization in achieving the parameters of food security is substantiated. The study results can be used to improve the mechanism of ensuring food security for the population of Russia.

Rationale for strategic prioritization of industries within the structure of Uzbekistan’s economy

This paper scrutinizes main determinants of competitiveness and sustainable growth of priority industries in Uzbekistan. In particular, it investigates issues of rationale for strategic prioritization of industries within the structure of national economy by touching upon effective mechanisms that lend support in attracting foreign direct investment into these industries. The author concludes that the main strategic goal of industrial development of Uzbekistan should be not only reaching high rates of growth in this sector, but it should also involve relevant steps to develop priority industries which requires more rational use of untapped natural resource wealth of the country, formation of its modern structure, and boosting the competitiveness of country’s manufacturing industries in world markets.