Impact of Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection on the Volume of Domestic Hard Coal Sales in Poland

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of activities related to the implementation of Poland’s climate policy on the level of demand for hard coal. The authors used sets of indicators built by Eurostat during the analysis. The analysis was based on a set of indicators that had not previously been used for this purpose. The applied ARAMAX model made it possible to study the impact of the presented indicators on the volume of demand for hard coal in Poland. They were introduced to the ARMAX model as explanatory variables. The demand for hard coal in Poland was the dependent variable. The set of indicators was verified, and finally only statistically significant factors were used to build the model. The forecast of the demand for hard coal was made until 2022. It showed that the volume of coal sales would systematically fall as long as factors affecting demand remain constant. However, an additional factor was taken into account in the analysis, namely the increase in demand and prices for hard coal on world markets. The ARIMA model was used to forecast price levels for the next 12 months. The forecast indicates that the time series of prices should maintain an upward trend within the examined time period. Building an accurate and reliable forecast is the basis for effective planning of coal production and is adjusted to the demand for this fuel.

Concept of searching for anchor goods based on the study of commodity indices

The article is devoted to the search for anchor goods — goods whose prices are forming for the prices of groups of goods. The role of the desired anchor product is similar to the role of the anchor currency. The identification of such anchors will allow us to understand the pricing structure, which is presumably of a self-affinity nature. The authors believe that there are several options for why a particular product becomes an anchor: historical, cultural or economic. To identify the main requirements for the anchor product, the behavior and dynamics of price changes of goods included in the CRB index were analyzed. Attention to this index is due, firstly, to its complex but significant role in setting exchange rates, and secondly, its role in analyzing world markets. The CRB index is an indicator of trends in the global commodity market. It displays all the movements and changes in the structure of the world commodity market. The characteristic patterns in the behavior of the goods in question are revealed. Typical phase portraits of their relational series for CRB index products have been revealed. The goods included in the CRB index were regrouped according to the similarity of their behavior relative to each other. Four groups were obtained, within each of which phase portraits of relational time series based on a pair of goods have a similar appearance. Reference phase portraits are described. The basic rules of the anchor product search are formulated based on the study of goods included in the selected commodity index. The conceptual proposals for the search for anchor goods using commodity indexes are formulated Based on the proposed approach, some products were investigated and their ability to play the role of an anchor was evaluated.

TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJAN

The article analyzes the main prospects of transport transportation and logistics system of Azerbaijan, briefly describes the implementation of giant transport projects in the republic, both economic and geopolitical in nature, because the products produced in the country are not oil sector will be exported to world markets via international transport routes.

Geopolitical and Economic Backgrounds for Japan’s Participation in International Associations at the Present Stage

Japan is one of the undisputed economic leaders in the Asia-Pacific region, despite the fact that in a number of macroeconomic indicators (for example, in nominal GDP) it gave the primacy to China in the late 2000s. Nevertheless, the positions of Japanese financial and industrial groups in the automotive and shipbuilding sectors, information technology, telecommunications systems, and power equipment manufacturing are still strong in the world markets. Tokyo also feels confident in the international political space - most regional problems are solved with the active participation of Japan. Accordingly, the Japanese government has all the possibilities to conduct a clear and consistent foreign policy with a maximum consideration for its own interests, as well as it has opportunities to attract a wide range of overseas partners to mutually beneficial cooperation within the framework of multilateral agreements. However, nowadays in the Asia-Pacific markets, Japanese corporations face increasing competition from Chinese and South Korean companies, which forces Japan to take into account new geopolitical situations and strive to softly promote its vision of regional development. The purpose of the study is to analyze Japans approaches to participation in current international associations and to assess the overall impact of these approaches on the geopolitical and economic space of the Asia-Pacific region. The research methodology is based on the apparatus of social sciences (comparative analysis, content analysis, economic and statistical analysis, synthesis, historical and logical methods), and is supplemented by a systematic approach to the research topic through the search and interpretation of the appropriate information.

Economic aspects of the development of the world markets of petroleum products since the middle of the XX century

The study of the development of the world markets of petroleum products in the period from 1950 to 2021 allows us to conclude that up to 2014 there was a steady increase in the total capacity of the world oil industry . The increase in capacity occurred against the background of a quantitative decrease in oil refineries and an increase in their production capacity. The decrease in the number of small oil refining units was accompanied by an increase in the average capacity in the oil industry.

A Study on Changing Role of Investor Behaviour towards Digital Investments – Pre and During COVID-19 Scenarios

World markets are facing anxiety and vulnerability due to global pandemic of COVID-19.Investors are becoming cautious while selecting their investment avenues and hence theirfocus is shifting to more secure forms of investments. Cryptocurrencies are one of therenowned form of digital investments and has drawn attention of many investors since itsorigination. Since 2013 it has been attracting and shifting eye balls of many financial and ITresearchers with its excellent returns and use of advanced technology. The present study hasexplored the impact of COVID-19 on the investor behaviour towards digital currencies. Forthe very same purpose researchers have considered pre and during COVID phases andcompared the shift in volatility of five selected cryptocurrencies. The study has also explored few of the most prominent investor biases which influences investor behaviour and how these biases have shifted during global pandemic of COVID-19. Some of the prominent biases such as, availability bias, regret, mental accounting and herding have been recognized in the study to understand investor behaviour.

Digital Right Advocacy: Advocacy for Life in the Digital World

One of the lessons taught by the Covid 19 epidemic experience is that the world physical streets, schools, markets, places of worship and other environments for human physical interactions could self-shutdown for months in order for man to preserve its existence. As the physical world was, literarily speaking, systematically shutting down in the year 2020, due to the rapid spreading of Covid 19, the digital world was gaining momentum, more citizens and expanding its usefulness and usage. Online streets where people could meet and interest were enlarged, many schools were opened in the digital world, markets became common feature online, places of worship became normal and meetings of all kind were held online, courts proceedings, movies premiere, dating, training… life simply moved into the digital world. This actuality unlined the importance of access to internet (as the door to the digital world) and instigated this article. This library-based research examines, in the main, the correlations between the basic human rights and right of access to the digital world via the internet. The study also suggests that right of access internet access encompasses the fundamental rights of freedom information, freedom of association and other basic human rights that are constitutionally protected by domestic laws of nations. The study also takes a peep at concept tagged as Internet of things (IoT), supports the debate that digital right is a distinct right that needs specific protection and argues that digital right enjoyment and enforcement are not limited to natural persons alone. The study concludes by emphasising the need to design international legal regime that will internationally protect the all-importance digital right of citizens from domestic interference by municipal authorities of nation states.

Impact on Pharmaceutical Industry due to Sudden Pandemic Attack (COVID-19)

: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China, in the month of December 2019. Further, in March 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic was described by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a global pandemic. COVID-19 quickly spread around the world in the following months, affecting about 2.5 million individuals by April 2020. World markets, including the pharmaceutical industry, were devastated by this pandemic. Although no specific solution for this emerging infectious disease is currently available, the pharmaceutical industry is helping policymakers meet unmet COVID-19 desires, ranging from research and advancement initiatives on possible prevention methods to the management of the supply chain of drugs in times of crisis. Changes in demand, commodity shortages, contact adjustments, etc., are hindering developments in the mechanism of technology, research and development and are putting an impact on the health market of COVID-19. Other implications of COVID-19 on the physical condition and pharmaceutical market may include acceptance delays, heading to self-sufficiency in the delivery chain, etc. In addition, the pharmaceutical markets are battling to sustain natural consumer flows, as the latest pandemic has had an effect on access to essential drugs at reasonable rates, which is the key priority of all pharmaceutical systems.

Global Transmission of Returns among Financial, Traditional Energy, Renewable Energy and Carbon Markets: New Evidence

Connections to world markets facilitate local markets developments to support more efficient capital allocation and greater investment and growth opportunities. Under the framework of cross-market rebalancing theory, in this study, we aim to systematically examine the market connections among world financial, energy, renewable energy and European carbon markets by measuring the return spillovers from 2008 to 2021. We find that the renewable energy market is more closely connected to the world financial and energy markets in the sense of the return transmission, while the carbon market is less connected to them. However, due to improved market regulations and determinations related to fighting climate change, the connections between the carbon market and other markets have gradually intensified. Plotting the return spillover indexes, we observe that strong return spillovers from the renewable energy market to other markets occurred when large investment plans were announced. Regarding the carbon market, regulation changes introduced by the EU Commission to improve and stabilize market environment induced intensified return transmission from carbon market to other markets. Another interesting finding is that the highly intensified return transmission among markets due to the COVID-19 crisis started to loosen when COVAX published the first interim distribution forecast on 3 February 2021.

Global market and organizational management: A brief theoretical essay

The objective of this investigation is to analyze the globalization process in order to verify its effects on the organizational management environment. Globalization is a process endowed with technological, social, economic and cultural transformations, which involve increased communication and interdependence between countries that bring together world markets, societies and cultures. The article questions about the way in which the transformations were reflected in the organizational management environment. The methodology used a bibliographic survey and an analysis that associated the dynamics of the globalization process and great representatives of administrative thought. The study inferred that the changes resulting from the globalization process were absolved by management models according to organizational demands and in certain circumstances.