An in vitro and computational validation of a novel loss-of-functional mutation in PAX9 associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis

Congenital tooth agenesis (CTA) is one of the most common craniofacial anomalies. Its frequency varies among different population depending upon the genetic heterogeneity. CTA could be of familial or sporadic and syndromic or non-syndromic. Five major genes are found to be associated with non-syndromic CTA namely, PAX9, MSX1, EDA1, AXIN2 and WNT10A. In this study, an India family with CTA was investigated and a novel c.336C>G variation was identified in the exon 3 of PAX9, leading to substitution of evolutionary conserved Cys with Trp at 112 amino acid position located at the functionally significant DNA binding paired domain region. Functional analysis revealed that p.Cys112Trp mutation did not prevent the nuclear localization although mutant protein had higher cytoplasmic retention. EMSA using e5 probe revealed that mutant protein was unable to bind with the paired-domain binding site. Subsequently, GST pull-down assay revealed lower binding activity of the mutant protein with its known interactor MSX1. Further RNA-sequencing of PAX9 over-expressed HEK293, identified two potential novel targets, WNT4 and WNT7b those are up-regulated by wild-type PAX9 but not by mutant. These in vitro results were consistent with the computational results. The in vitro and computational observations altogether suggest that c.336C>G (p.Cys112Trp) variation leads to loss-of-function of PAX9 leading to CTA in this family.

Using mobility data in the design of optimal lockdown strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic

A mathematical model for the COVID-19 pandemic spread, which integrates age-structured Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Deceased dynamics with real mobile phone data accounting for the population mobility, is presented. The dynamical model adjustment is performed via Approximate Bayesian Computation. Optimal lockdown and exit strategies are determined based on nonlinear model predictive control, constrained to public-health and socio-economic factors. Through an extensive computational validation of the methodology, it is shown that it is possible to compute robust exit strategies with realistic reduced mobility values to inform public policy making, and we exemplify the applicability of the methodology using datasets from England and France.

A Computational Validation of Water Molecules Adsorption on an NaCl Surface

It was reported that a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study observed the adsorption geometry of a water monomer and a tetramer on NaCl(100) film. Based on first-principles density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption behavior of water on the NaCl surface was simulated with CASTEP code. The results showed that the water monomer almost lay on the NaCl(001) surface with one O–H bond tilted slightly downward. This was quite different from the STM observations. In fact, the experimental observation was influenced by the Au(111) substrate, which showed an upright form. A recent report on observations of two-dimensional ice structure on Au(111) substrate verified our simulations. However, the water tetramer formed a stable quadrate structure on the surface, which was consistent with observation. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds present more strength than surface adsorption. The simulations presented a clearer picture than experimental observations.

SOME QUERIES ON MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS: Research Methodology

In this impression we will re-analyse the three Queries as Follows : Keywords: Mathematics & Chemistry, Statistics Teaching, Covariance Matrix .In this impression we will re-analyse the three Queries as Follows : The main objective of these mathematical & statistical teaching methods is now a compulsion course work on Physical Science , Biological Science , Social Science and even in Some subjects of humanities like Education , Philosophy & Logic . To analyse CAUSE & EFFECT logic flow C data structure is an important factor known as Computational Validation .